亚洲色图 无码
白虎 女優 高等中学英语（必修）第三册Units 1-9 语言点详解
（江苏省石庄高等中学：秦建华课堂教会用）白虎 女優
Unit 1That must be a record
▲argument
settle an argument about sth处治对于……的争论/争端
start/put forward an argument for against就奖饰/反对……伸开接洽
argue v.
argue with sb about /over sth
Do what you are told to and don’t argue with me.
argue for/against为（复旧）……接洽/反驳
argue a matter out把某事辩个浮现无遗
argue sb into/out of doing sth=advise sb(not)to do sth
▲conclude vt.推断（本质）出（后跟that-从句）坚强，议定；vi.come to an end湮灭，远隔
The talks were expected to conclude on Sunday.会谈展望星期天湮灭。
What do you conclude from the facts?从这些事实中你得出了什么论断？
Transactions were concluded on a wide variety of light industrial goods.
多种各种的轻工业居品还是成交。
conclusion n.
come to/draw/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出论断(from the facts)
jump to conclusion匆忙中地/敷衍地下论断
bring sth to conclusion使……湮灭
in conclusion总之、一言以蔽之、临了
▲popular
There was a time when this song was very popular. 也曾一度时辰这首歌很流行。
She is very popular with her students.
He told him to listen to young people’s music and to watch the most popular television shows
---This reference book is no more popular with the students than that one.
---You mean they are both little thought of ?
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved.
And the growing popularity51 of shopping centres led 52 in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.
这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，开导更好的商店的建成。
name姓名；fame超卓，好名声；popularity名气很大，知名度很高
▲hire
hire/employ sb=take on sb.→fire/dismiss sb=give sb.the snack
hire 日常用语，指按劳动量计酬来雇佣东说念主手employ指商店或公司长期雇佣东说念主手
rent一般指租住/借房屋，地产租赁等
He fired these four workers and he hired ten more workers，because he thinks the four workers are not fit for thei posts.
hire out a bike(to sb)租出
rent a farm/house from an owner
▲fade vt.（使）消逝，（使）凋落；vi.逐渐消散，变细小，变阴晦
The strong sunlight had faded the curtains.强烈的阳光使窗帘变色。
All memory of his childhood faded from his mind.
他系数的童年追想逐渐从脑海中消散了。
fade next to逊色于
Successful as he is，he fades next to his brother.
尽管他很奏效，但和他昆季比较如故稍显逊色。
▲diagnose会诊
He was diagnosed with cancer.他被会诊患了癌症。
The book diagnoses our present economic ills.这本书切中了我们咫尺经济的缺点。
▲curiosity
Curiosity is part of child’s nature好奇是儿童的天性.
Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led Sir Hugh to
write the Guinness Book of World Records……(p.4)
a curiosity shop古玩店
curious感酷爱的，好奇，奇怪
I’m curious to know what she said.我相当念念知说念她说了什么
She’s always so curious about my work.她总爱探访我的劳动。
It’s curious that he didn’t tell you.他莫得告诉你简直反常。
▲contact
contact sb和……筹商
be in/out of contact with和……保持/失去筹商
get in touch with/keep in touch with
make contact with the ship by radio用无线电与船筹商
keep track of/lose track of与……保持筹商/失去筹商
keep track of还有：记录，掌持……的痕迹，了解……的动态，看清，听清等真谛
He could not escape because the police kept track of him.
他逃不了的，窥探在夺目他的行动
To a scientist，the most important thing is knowing he does not lose track of what he is
doing.对于一个科学家来说，最枢纽的是他明晰我方在作念什么。
Please keep track of every cent you spend.请记录你花掉的每一份钱。
keep an eye on照看；keep faith with对……守信用；keep in mind记着，放在心上
▲account n.账户；解释，说明；vi.说明……的原因
I bought the bike on account.我赊账买了这辆自行车。
We could not go on account of the rain.因为下雨我们不成去。
On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.
不论什么原因游客都不允许用东西喂动物。
It is a matter of great account.这是一件枢纽的事情。
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条目推敲进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须推敲到国度的利益。
No one could account for the disappearance of the money.
谁也说不明晰这些钱丢失的原因。
Smokers account for 20 percent of the whole population in the world.
烟民占世界总东说念主口的20%。
▲attempt
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取
▲inspect查验，阅览/雠校
The customs officer inspected my passport.海关官员查验了我的护照。
inspect sb/sb’s head for lice查验某东说念主头部有无头虱
The visiting president inspected the troops.来访总统雠校了队列。
examine/investigate/look into
▲confirm vt.证实，细目；阐明，批准
What you say confirms my opinion.你的话证实了我的观念。
The King confirmed me in my possession of the land.国王批准我领有这片地盘。
▲set down 放下；写下，记下；依次
Set down your heavy bags and have a rest.
放下你的重包休息一下。
The bus driver set the passengers down here.
大众汽车司机让搭客在此下车。
I will set down the story as it was told to me.
我将按告诉我的把这个故事记下来。
The price limits were set down by the government.
价钱戒指由政府依次。
set about sth/doing sth运转作念/入辖下手作念；set aside拔出，把……置于一旁；
set back调谢，袭击，阻碍，妨碍，使……倒退；set off开赴，启航，引爆，燃放；
set out开赴，，入辖下手/运转(to do)，栽（幼苗）；set up建立，开办
▲stand out了得、了得，显眼、刺目，支柱、不屈服
The road sign is easy to read because the words stand out.
路标容易认，因为上头的字很刺目。
The students agreed that they must stand out against the decision to cut down the trees.
学生门一致容许坚决反对砍伐树木的决定。
stand by在场、复旧，stand down退出（竞选）、（士兵）撤下岗，
stand for代表、透露、主张，stand up站起、历久、耐用
▲achieve one’s goal湮灭方针
I’ll try to achieve my goal of becoming a scientist.湮灭作念科学家的方针
▲in the first place发轫、正本、第一
In the first place ，you must think over this plan.发轫你必须推敲这个筹划。
▲in a row
Please stand in a row.请站成一滑。
This is the third Sunday in a row that it’s rained.这是接连着的第三个星期天下雨了。
▲apply for
About 100 people have applied for the position.约莫有100东说念主苦求了这一职务。
其它词组
1.一册畅销书 谜底：a best-seller 2.从那以来 谜底：ever since
3.被分类 谜底：be put into categories 4.面积达…… 谜底：with an area of
5.导致 谜底：lead to 6..创一项新记录 谜底：set a new record
▲burst vi. 爆裂，短暂发作
It was so cold yesterday that my water-pipes froze and burst.
昨天太冷了，我家的水管都冻裂了。
A rat burst into my room last night.昨天一只耗子窜进了我的房间。
He put too much air into the balloon and it burst.他往气球中充得气太多，湮灭爆了。
The funny story made the children burst their sides with laughter.
这个道理的故事使孩子们哈哈大笑。
On hearing the sad news，she burst into tears.一听到阿谁灾难的音信，她就大哭起来。
筹商短语：burst into tears/laughter短暂大哭/大笑； burst into song 短暂唱起歌来；burst into angry speech大发雷霆； burst into bloom吐花； burst into view/sight征象/奇不雅短暂出现； burst into the room短暂闯入房间； burst out/forth laughing/crying大笑/哭
▲head down to the park （补充）
head for=move toward:He headed straight for the bar.他直接朝酒吧走去。
head sb/sth off:get in front of sb/sth so as to turn him/it back or aside封闭
head off a flock of sheep:prevent them from going in the wrong way拦住
▲familiar adj.老成的，邃晓的，缩小的，非矜重的
French was as familiar to him as English.他邃晓法语就像邃晓英语一样。
I’m very familiar with your name.我很老成你的名字。
sth./sb.be familiar to sb.某物/某东说念主为某东说念主所老成；
sb.be familiar with sth./sb.某东说念主老成某东说念主/某物
分析课文中的句子（补充）:The X Games are like Olypic Games for sports that are less familiar to us than sports like fottball and basketball.极限游戏比赛就像奥林匹克通顺会上有些不如足球和篮球那样为我们所老成的比赛状貌一样。
▲delight vt. （使）爽快，（使）欢喜；n. 忻悦，爽快
The circus delighted the children.马戏团使孩子们欢喜。
I have read your letter with delight.我爽快地读了你的信。
He takes great delight in teaching his students.他以教他的学生为乐。
Your visit last week delighted us.上星期你的来访使我们很爽快。
The news delighted the whole nation.这个音信使世界一派鼎沸。
I delighted to read novels.我爽快地读演义。
The old man delighted in doing little things for others.那位老东说念主爽快为别东说念主作念些小事。
To his great delight，his novel was accepted for publication.使他爽快的是，他的演义得到了公众的招供。
delighted adj.爽快的，忻悦的
筹商短语：be delighted at 因……而爽快；be delighted by/with sth.(sb.)心爱某物（东说念主）；
be delighted to do因作念……而爽快； be delighted that...很爽快……
▲center on将某东说念主（某物）作为中心或重心
concentrate on专心致志于
肖似短语：
attend on侍候……，护理……，照料； call on拜谒(某东说念主)，号召(to do)；
count on依靠……，期待……(sb.to do)；depend on取决于……，依靠……，依……而定；
feed on 以……为食，用……喂养；fix one’s eyes on 盯住……，注视……；
go on络续，上台献艺(the stage)， keep on(doing) 支柱……；
live on靠……生计，以……为食； look on看待(sb.as...)，不雅察……，面朝……；
wait on 服侍……，管待……
The patient has three nurses attending on him.那位病东说念主有三位照顾护理他。
I tried to concentrate my attention on my chemical research.我试图专心于化学计议。
She centered her attention on the problem.她把夺见地聚会在这个问题上。
Unit 2 Crossing limits
▲take possession of占领，占有/get possession of拿到，得到
The capitalist is in possession of a large fortune.阿谁老本家领有巨额财产。
A large fortune is in the possession of the capitalist. 巨额财产掌持在阿谁老本家手中。
▲in the name of以……的情势，代表
I arrest you in the name of the law.我以法律的情势逮捕你。
The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.部长代表国王讲话。
I opened an account in the bank in your name.我以你的情势在银行开了一个账号。
He escaped under the name of Tom.他假名为Tom兔脱了
name组成的短语：
by name用（靠、按）名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；name after以……定名
▲masses of/a mass of+countable noun(pl form)/+uncountable noun
in the mass总体上，总的说来/the mass of大多数的/mass education人人教师/a mass meeting人人会议
The young dancers worked so hard so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.（许多）
▲be rich in/be poor in
Oranges are rich in Vitamin C含有丰富的维生素
a TV play rich in humour 富余幽默的电视剧
▲do research on a state key project就国度重心工程进行计议
▲lose the lives of many people/risk their lives
▲alternative
Have you got an alternative=another suggestion?你有莫得其它建议？
Caught in the act，he had no alternative/choice but to confess/did nothing but confess.
他被就地抓获，除了招供别无采用。
▲available
This was the only available room.这是唯独可以诳骗的房间。
You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就文书你。
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
▲equip…with
You’d better equip your bike with a head light.你最佳在自行车装个前灯。
They have equipped the army with modern weapons. 他们还是为队列装备了当代化的火器。
The army has been equipped with modern weapons. （被迫语态）
▲accurate adj.精准的，准确的，正确无误的
His information was accurate.他的信息很准确。
accurate强调“精准无误”。an accurate calculation精准的计较
correct按一定模范莫得差错。a correct answer正确的谜底
right很厚情况下可与correct互换，但常有说念德上招供的含义.the right course of action正确的行动方针
▲search for
他们正在村里搜查阿谁土匪。
They are searching for the robber in the village.
They are searching the village for the robber.
Cf:The policeman is searching the robber.
▲have contacts with/contact to有战斗/筹商
▲find one’s way
feel one’s way摸索着走/fight one’s way英勇前进/force one’s way挤着上前走/wind one’s way周折前进/make one’s way去……途中/lose one’s way迷途
▲in exchange for交换，互换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。
They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.他们用劳动通常食物和栖身之处。
▲take sb prisoner逮捕/capture sb 俘获，捉拿
put sb in prison，take sb to prison，send sb to prison把……关进监狱/throw sb into prison把……投进监狱
▲wander through Arabic countries穿过许多阿拉伯国度
The children wandered around the town with nothing to do.那些孩子无所事事，在街上闲荡。
The boy wandered the neighbourhood，looking for the dog.那孩子走遍了邻里街坊，找他那条狗。
▲reach out to sp./reach sp./come to sp.arrive at(in) sp.
▲date from/back to
The castle dates back to/dates from the 14th century.这座城堡建于14世纪。
▲ripe
By the beginning of the 15th century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.到15世纪初大型约聚的时机锻练了。
Was the peach ripe or green?那桃子是熟的如故生的？
▲prosper under a new dynasty在新的朝代下茂盛腾达(prosperity)
The business is prospering.贸易欢喜。
He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity.他祝这对新东说念主生计幸福，万事如意。
▲renew relations with还原同…..的关系
▲excite one’s curiosity激起……的好奇心
▲send a message to sb向……发出邀请/信息
▲response非洲管辖者的反馈相当粗犷The response of African rulers are very generous.
▲challenge/at home
明朝朝廷分解到最大的挑战和机遇是在国内。
Ming court belied that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home.
国表里 at home and abroad
▲.various adj. 各式各类的，不同的
He analysed the various factors.他分析了各式不同要素。
Of all the various ways of cooking an egg，I like boiling best.
在系数作念鸡蛋的各式方法中，我最心爱煮的方法。
various，varied都可作“各式各类的”解，大部分情况下可通用，但varied可透露“正在变化之中的”，a varied life。
▲.suggest vt.
（1）提议，建议。后跟动名词、that从句（从句中谓语动词用should do，should可不详）
suggest sth.to sb.
He suggested the idea to me.他向我建议那种念念法。
I suggest going there at once.我建议坐窝去那儿。
The teacher suggested that we do our homework now.敦厚建议我们咫尺就作念功课。
（2）使东说念主念念起，示意
His pale face suggests that he is ill.他的惨白的脸色标明他病了。
▲.accomplish vt.达到（宗旨），完成（任务），湮灭（筹划）
孙悦车震门This task is accomplished by great effort.完成这项任务花了很豪恣气。
He accomplished a great deal during his first year.第一年他就取得了许多成绩。
It is the workers who will accomplish this task.便是工东说念主们将完成这项任务。
accomplish指作念到底，湮灭一个筹划，如：to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行
finish指完成日常的事，如：He finished the homework.他完成了功课。
complete指加上穷乏的部分，如：to complete the sentence把句子补充齐全
▲.apart from 除……外
He works until nine o’clock every evening，and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.
他每天晚上劳动到9点，这还不算他周末加班。
Apart from the salary，it’s not a bad job.除工资（偏低）外，这劳动可以。
Apart from you and me，I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty.除你我之外，我以为莫得东说念主在30岁以下。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.不可能有脱离实施的学问。
归纳拓展：apart from，in addition（to），besides ，as well（as），except for，except，but
（1）apart from这个复合介词兼有“之外”和“包括”的双重真谛。
（2）以下短语或单词真谛相近，均透露“除……之外还有……”这一“附加”真谛。
in addition（to） besides，as well （as）
（3）以下短语或单词均透露“除……之外莫得……”这一“摈弃”真谛。except for except but
▲.arise vi.出现，发生；由……引起，由……发生
A difficulty arose right here.坚苦就在这里。
How did the quarrel arise?此次争吵是若何引起的？
Originally，organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes.率先有机化合物是由人命历程产生的。
rise vi.起飞，高涨；raise vt.举起，提高，普及，建议；饲养（羊、鸡等），扶养（子女等），招募（戎行等），募捐（钱等）。
▲.bring up教师；养育;建议；引出;吐逆；to bring up the question建议问题
She was brought up by her grandparents.她是由爷爷奶奶带大的。
He brought up all the food he had eaten.他把吃下的食物都吐逆出来了。
归纳拓展：bring in获利；赚;bring about带来，引起;bring down使……镌汰
The boys bring in ￡60 a week.这些男孩子每周赚60镑。
How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?前年副业使这家农户增多了些许收入?
The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.因特网使我们的劳动方式发生了很大变化。
We’d better wait till they bring down their prices.我们最佳等他们降价。
▲.run out of 用光，用尽
We are running out of water.我们的水要用尽了。
We ran out of petrol yesterday.昨天我们用光了汽油。
比较：All our supply of food has run out.我们系数的食物供应都用光了。
We decided we had better go home，before our money ran out.我们决定最佳在钱用光之前回家。
透露“用光、用尽”的还有：use up，give out
All those I had are used up.我系数的都用光了。
They have used up their money.他们用光了钱。
The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。
You can’t have a hot bath-the water will give out.你不成洗滚水澡了。要没水了。
从以上例子可看出，诚然这些词组都透露“用光、用完”，但use up，run out of 为及物动词，而run out，give out为不足物动词。
归纳拓展:run into遇上，有时际遇;陷于，碰上（逆境、贫乏等）
I ran into Emma on my way home.我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。
If you run into difficulties，try to overcome them.如遇坚苦，要努力去克服。
Unit 3 The Land Down Under
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories当代澳大利亚是由六个州两大区组成的
be made up of =consists of 由……组成
The Grade Three in our school is made up of 17 classes.我们学校高三年齿是由17个班级组成的。
17 classes make up the Grade Three in our school.
The solar system is made up of a star and nine plants. 太阳系是由一个恒星和九个行星组成的。
make up 息争，和好; 假造，编造; 化妆; 赔偿，弥补; 凑钱
It is very hard to make up the quarrel between the couple.很难和洽这对佳偶之间的争吵。
Don’t make up any excuse to cheat me.不要找任何借口来拐骗我。
I find no time to make myself up every day.梳妆打扮
Because you were ill， you will have to make up the final exam.补期末磨练
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence/the lost time. 弥补才略上的缺乏/损失的时辰(用其他方式)
Have you made up the money for your class? 凑钱
2. Australia is surrounded by many oceans.澳大利亚相近有两大洋
surround 包围 surround sb./ sth. with sth
They have surrounded the town with troops.他们转移戎行包围了该城。
surround 常用于被迫语态中 “被……包围
The house is surrounded by/with high walls.屋子周围有高高的围墙。
When he came back ，he found himself surrounded by his family and friends.当他苏醒后，发现他周围站着他的家东说念主和一又友。
surroundings (相近环境) environment (与东说念主类相对的环境)
3. but the capital of Australia is Canberra，a city located between Sydeny and Melbourne
……但是澳大利亚都门却在堪培拉，一座位于悉尼和墨尔本之间的城市
located=lying=standing
4.Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories.六个角代表六个州，第七个角代表区。
represent 代表，象征; 发达; 描摹，塑造; 宣称
In a love song ，people will tell his lover that the moon represents his heart.月亮象征他的心
I’d like to thank you representing my whole family.我代表我的全家谢谢您。
=I’d like to thank you on behalf of my whole family.
The girl representing all the new students gave us a speech on the school opening ceremony.
阿谁女孩代表系数重生在开学庆典上讲了话。
He represented himself as a wealthy man， but in fact he was as poor as a church mouse.宣称我方是个健康的东说念主而其实
representative n.代表 adj.典型的， 有代表性的
stand for 象征，代表; 复旧; (多指代字母、标志等的替代作用)
What does WTO stand for? WTO代表什么？ It stands for World Trade Organization
Before we elect him， we want to know what he stands for.
5.These peoples came to the continent at least fifity thousand years ago and created complex societies.
这些来自不同民族的东说念主至少在五万年之前就来到这块大陆，何况创建了复杂的社会群体。
people 的含义
相配于persons (一个以上的东说念主) There are many people in the room
指persons in general 东说念主们。What will people think of this?东说念主们将如何看待这件事？
指all the ordinary members of a state 东说念主民（与the连用）serve the people heart and soul
指those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 某一地的住户或具有某一国籍的东说念主民。the people of London 伦敦住户，the British people 英国东说念主民
指nation (民族)，race （东说念主种），tribe (部落)等，此时people为单数，其复数神态为peoples
the peoples of the world 世界各民族；Europe is made up of many peoples.
典型例题：The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.中国东说念主民是远程勇敢的东说念主民。
6.live in a similar way to their ancestors……过着与他们祖宗相似的生计
A be similar to B 。。。和。。。相肖似
My new dress/bike is similar to the one you have. 我的新穿戴和你的那件相似。
8.while others live in cities，towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians……而另外一些东说念主像其他澳大利亚同族一样住在城镇和农村。
▲fellow n.（常用复数，用以组成复合词）同伴；同道
school fellows同学 bed fellows同床者
Her fellows share her interest in computers.她的同伴跟她一样对计较机感酷爱。
adj.同伴的；同类的；同事的
fellow creatures 同类动物 fellow countryman 同族 fellow traveler旅伴；同路东说念主
白话中有时指“男东说念主；小伙子”
Poor fellow!怜悯的小伙子！
▲while
指挥时辰状语从句，透露的时辰只然则一段时辰，而when指挥时辰状语从句透露的时辰可以是时辰点，也可以是时辰段。
They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来的时候我们正在吃饭。
透露对比，意为“而，但是”。
He is a worker while I am a doctor.他是工东说念主而我是医师。
透露“尽管，诚然”，多放于句首。
While I understand what you say，I can’t agree with you.尽管我能分解你所说的，但却无法赞同。
透露“唯独”。
There will be life while there is water and air.唯独有水和空气，就会有人命。
9.In 1770，Captain Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the British Crown.1770年库克船主生称这个大陆的东海岸属于大不列颠王国。
claim vt. & n. n.(根据权柄建议)要求， 要求权， 主张， 要求而得到的东西，vt.(根据权柄)要求， 认领， 宣称， 主张， 需要，索赔
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.货色有损坏，可以要求退钱。
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?汽车出了事故后你向保障公司索赔了吗？
I claimed the coat that the teacher found. 我认领了敦厚找到的外衣。
Has anyone claimed the watch? 有东说念主认领这块腕表吗？
He claimed that he hadn't done it， but I didn't believe him. 他宣称莫得作念这件事，然则我不信服他。
He claimed that he had done the work without help.他宣称莫得得到匡助而完成了这项劳动。
Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.不要强不知以为知。
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.渔人和水手有时宣称看到过海里的妖魔。
10. Later， when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America， Australia was chosen a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.其后，好意思国零丁斗殴使得英国不成向北好意思输送囚犯，于是澳大利亚被选为一个新的囚犯和违纪的充军地。
11.The British Governor landed on January 26，today as Australia Day. 英国总督于1月26日登陆，这一天便是咫尺的澳大利亚日。
The Constitution governing six states stated that men were free and equal， explained their basic civil rights and described the new government.那时管辖六个州的宪法标明东说念主是解放对等的。它还说明了东说念主民的基本权柄，也形色了那时的新政府。
管辖；约束，治理
In Britain elected representatives of the people govern the country.
在英国治理国度的是民选的代表。
主宰某事物；决定
Self-interest governs all his actions.
他的一坐沿途齐取决于一己之利。
n.government 管辖；约束；主宰
州长；省长；总督someone who rules a state or province
12.The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Aistralian ecosytems. 新来的这批东说念主编削了这里的地盘不休方式。引进了新的植物和动物，这些动植物龙套了澳大利亚的生态系统
be harmful to/do harm to/harm sb.or sth
13. As a consequence，the original Australians suffered. 湮灭原来的澳大利亚东说念主吃尽了苦头。
as a consequence 湮灭，遵循
as a consequence= in consequence/as a result
After graduation， he became quite lazy. As a consequence， he lost what he owned.
毕业后，他变得懒惰起来，湮灭失去了我方系数的一切。
in consequence of =as a result of/because of/due to/owing to
In consequence of his rudeness， he was fired by his boss.由于他的刁钻，他被雇主开除了。
14.Many Aborigines and Islanders were moved had their land taken away from them许多土著住户和岛民被迁走了，他们的地盘被褫夺了。
have+宾语+done昔日分词朽棘不雕补足语的结构
15.In the early twentieth century，Australia resembled the USA of the eighteenth century在20世纪初期，澳大利亚就像18世纪的好意思国一样。
resemble vt.（毋庸于被迫语态和进行时态）
resemble sb./sth.（in sth.） 与（他东说念主或他物）相似；像……
She resembles her brother in looks.她和她弟弟长得很像。
He strongly resembles his father in appearance.他相当像他的父亲。
n resemblance（between A and B）相似；相像
There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys.这两个男孩有某些相似之处。
16.The First World War had a strong influence on Australia.第一次世界大战对澳大利亚有强烈的影响。
have an influence on/upon 对…有影响
have an influence on/upon=have an effect on/upon influence sb./sth.=affect sb./sth.
I don’t think this kind of system will have a great influence on our school.我以为这种体制不会对我们学校产生很大影响。
SARS has a strong influence on human.对东说念主类影响很大。
17.After the war，the country experienced social and economic unrest and suffered from the Great Depression of the 1930s.
战后国度履历了社会和经济的震动，遭受了30年代大出奇的疼痛。
vt.受到，遭受，蒙受，后接pain，defeat，loss，poverty，hunger等名词。
His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.
他的腿断了，遭受了纷乱不适意的折磨。
常用于短语suffer from...，意为“受……的折磨，患某种疾病，有某种劣势”。
In the old days，peasants suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
在旧社会，农民们饥寒交迫。
18. Australia began to transform itself into the modern country it is today.
澳大利亚运转把我方革新成今天这么的当代化国度。
A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.
房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改不雅。
A generator generator (发电机)transforms mechanical energy into electricity. (把机械能革新成电能)
A steam engineer transforms heat into power.蒸汽机把热障碍成能源。
adj.transformable 可编削外不雅或性质的
n.transformation（外不雅或性质的）编削，改不雅；革新
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.
他成婚之后脾性判若两东说念主。
19.The economy grew and Australia benefited from the immigration.经济增长了，澳大利亚东说念主从侨民中受益。
benefit n.
He has had the benefit of a first-class education.他受益于第一流的教师。
The new factory will be a great benefit to the town.这个新工场对这个市镇将会有很大的克己。(=be good to)
benefit v.
This medicine will benefit you.这药对你有克己。
I benefited from my father’s advice.我受益于父亲的教师。
20. pass laws to strengthen the rights of ……通过法律来加强……的权柄。
strengthen v.加强；安逸；变强
The current strengthened as we moved down the river.我们顺流而下时，水流更急了。
This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave.最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心。
strength n.力气；力量；强度
He is a man of great strength.他是个强大的须眉。
The fence was strengthened with wire. 这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。
21.It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognize the importance of diverse society.
许多年后澳大利亚才懂得尊重土著住户，并分解到多元化的枢纽性
Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English.
澳洲英语在发音上不同与英国英语和好意思国英语。
diverse adj. differing one from another; different 不同的；多种各种的
have diverse interests 有多种酷爱
differ from sb./ sth.与某东说念主/某事物不同，有区别=be different from
We differ from each other in many ways.我们在许多方面不同。
In this aspect，French differs from English/French and English.在这方面，法语不同于英语。
differ with/from sb.about/on sth.不容许；持异议
I’m sorry to differ with you on that.抱歉，在那少量上我与你观念不同。
“I beg to differ.”透露与某东说念主意见不一致。
n.difference
difference between A and B不同之处；辞别；变化
It’s not very easy to tell the difference between sugar and salt.区别糖和盐不是很容易的。
make a/no/some difference（to sb./ sth.）（对某东说念主/某事物）有/莫得/有些作用或影响。
It makes no difference（to me）what you say:I’m not going.不论你若何说（对我来说）都无所谓，归正我不去。
Integrative reading
1.connect
The two cities are connected by a railway
The No. 1 trolly bus connects here with the No. 4 trolly bus for the East Lake.
connect with Beijing University.
connect A with B connect…with(by) join A to B/join…with(by)
We can connect(join)the two islands with a bridge.
The road connects Beijing with Tianjin.
The new highway has joined our hometown to the city.
The Pananma Canal connects the Atlantic with the Pacific.
(The road connects Shanghai and Suzhou.)
2.separate
Although both these shops sell vegetables， they are quite separate.
The children all sleep in separate beds.
We’re sorry that you two should be separated.
England is separated from France by the English channel.
Let’s separate them into three groups.
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
They didn’t separate till midnight.
The good friends were glad to meet after so long a separation.
Cf:The world is divided into five continents.
You can divide the apples between you.
separate:把原来在沿途的东说念主或物分离隔来
divide: 可贵把一个举座按一定数目和大小比例分红若干份。
3.having been separated from…
*Arriving at the village(When he arrived at the village)，he could not find his home.
*Walking in the park(When she was walking)， she saw an old friend.
*Being blind(As they were blind)，how could they see?
*Having been there many times， he offered to introduce the history of country .(As he had been)
*Having been rebuilt this way，these temples look even more beautiful.(As/After they have been rebuilt)
*Having put up the tent， they started to cook their supper. (After they put up/had put up)
(Right) Standing on top of the tall building， we could see the whole city.
(Wrong)Standing on top of the tall building， the whole city could be seen.
(Right)Having found the cause they continued the experiment.
(Wrong)Having found the cause，the experiment continued.
Fill in the blanks
(1).Who is the man standing by the door?
(2).The bell ran announcing the end of class.
(3).Austrlia is the only country covering an entire continent.
(4).Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in white.
(5).Those chosen as team members must be here before 7 a.m. tomorrow.
(6).He is a man liked by all.
(7).The man writing this English letter is my teacher.
(8).The letter written in simple English is from my teacher.
4.In area…the same size as/…more than 13 times as many as
China is large in area and rich in resources.
The TV tower is nearly 40 metres in height.
They built a fence 30 meters in length.
The area of Australia is 7.6 million sq.km.
A是B的x倍，可透露为：
A be x times the size/height/length of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 time bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher/longer than B by x-1 times
如：这个房间是阿谁房间的3倍。
This room is three times the size of that one.
This room is three times as big as that one.
This room is twice bigger than that one.
This room is bigger than that one by twice.
5.feed…on/feed…to
6.give birth to/be borne
She has borne three children.
She has given birth to three children.
7.keep out
Danger! Keep out!
They closed all windows to keep out the cold.
We put a fence round the vegetable garden to keep the chickens out.
Please keep him out of trouble while he is studying here.
Please keep the dog out of the garden.
keep-phrase:
Keep up your courage/spirits.
They can keep up their normal temperature even in very cold weather.
The old man couldn’t keep up with the other people.
Dave was not good at maths and he couldn’t keep up with the rest of the class.
They used to keep watch at the top of the tree during the war.
Keeping a diary is very important to you.
You’d better keep cool when you are in danger.
She couldn’t keep back her tears at the news.
A newspaper can keeps one in touch with the world.
Nothing can keep me from doing so.
8.round up 聚拢；搜集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.向导把游客们网络在沿途，又把他们带回到海滨。
The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.牧羊犬把羊群聚会到沿途，赶进栅门。
Unit 4 Green world
1.Attempt had been made by others to classfy plant species into groups，but the breakthrough came with the work of Carl Linnaeus.另一些东说念主尝试按植物种类分类，但是冲破性进展却来自Carl Linnaeus.
attempt to do sth=make an attempt to do sth = make an attempt at doing sth =try to do sth
make an attempt on/upon试图夺取(在第一单位中讲过)
classify vt.编排；分类to arrange or organize according to class or category classify sb./ sth.（as sth.）将某东说念主/某物归类
We usually classify types of character as good or bad.我们普通把 (东说念主的) 脾性之类型分为善与恶。
The books in the library are classified by subject.藏书楼的书是按照科目分类的。
Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
你以为她的演义属于体裁类呢，如故属于凡俗读物类？
classified（常作定语）分类的 a classified directory分类电话簿 classified advertisements分类告白
classification n. the act or result of classifying; a category or class分类；类别
2. Showing how plants were related was a complex and strange thing before Linnaeus developed his system.
在林尼厄斯建造这个系统之前，要说明植物之间的关系是一个复杂而生疏的事情。
3.But Linnaeus’ idea of grouping plants in families was unique.而Linnaeus把植物按眷属来分类的念念法却很相当。
group v.纠合，使成群；类集
The children grouped round the piano.孩子们纠合在钢琴周围。
We can group animals into several types.我们可以把动物分红好几类。(We can classify animals as several types.)
noun（1）群；组；类
（family，team，audience，enemy，group，class等纠合名词作东语时，若看作一个举座，谓语动词用单数神态；若强调各个成员，谓语动词用复数神态。）
Our group is going to climb a mountain tomorrow.我们组翌日要去爬山。
The group are having dinner now.组员们正在吃晚饭。
What blood group are you?你是什么血型？
[作定语] a group activity 集体行径
（2）（公司联营的）集团：a newspaper group报业集团
▲identification （学案上莫得） n. the state of being identified 鉴别；验明
the identification of high yielding seeds 高产量种子的鉴别
n. proof or evidence of identity 身份评释(缩写 ID)
His only means of identification was his passport. 他唯独评释身份的证件便是他的护照。
4.As a result，fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related，although they are different at first sight.
因此（湮灭），尽管桃子和梨子乍看起来是不同的，但事实上它们是相关联的。
at first sight/glance
At first sight/glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看这个问题似乎很容易。
They felt in love at first sight.他们一见矜重。
He could tell at a(single) glance what was wrong with the car.他一眼就能看出汽车有什么瑕疵。
5.develop a lifelong frienship with… 与……结成为终生好友
make a lifelong friend with sb.
6.Born into a life of privilege，Joseph Banks was the son of a wealthy family. Joseph Banks是一个富饶家庭的孩子，生来就享有特殊权柄
privilege n. a special advantage， permission， right， or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual， a class 特权；优惠
Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library.
我们的会员有享受藏书楼借书服务的特权。
7.lead/live a cosy life过着安逸的生计
live/lead a happy life/a bitter life 过着幸福/不适意生计
cosy ：comfortable; easy
8.but young Banks had an appetite for knowledge但是小班克斯却有渴修业识的逸想
n. a desire for food 食欲；胃口
Exercises give one a good appetite. 通顺增进食欲。
n. a strong wish or liking 醉心；逸想
He has an appetite for writing. 他好从事写书。（be fond of，go in for）
9.Despite his wealth，he worked to make a career in science. 尽管他很富余，但他谋求在科学上有一番建树。
in spite of his wealth/although he was wealthy/rich….
Some were owners of great wealth and property. 有些东说念主领有万贯家财。
10. In 1768，the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavour to take members of the Royal Society on
an expedition to Tahiti.1768年英国皇家舟师任命James Cook为“勤苦”号船主，指挥皇家学会成员远征塔希提岛。
appoint sb.（to.）;appoint sb.（as.）
挑选（某东说念主）作念某劳动或任某职位；任命；托付
He was appointed to the vacant post.他被托付填补那空白。
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即托付又名新教师到那山村小学去。
They have appointed a new manager.他们还是任用了一位新司理。
Who shall we appoint （as） chairperson?我们遴派谁担任主席呢？
appoint sth.（for sth.） 细目或决定某事物
They have appointed a date for the meeting.他们还是商定了开会的日历。
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们商定一个场合交换邮票。
11.This would give astronomers a chance to calculate the distance between the earth and the sun.
这么天体裁家就有契机去测量地球和太阳之间的距离。
They use a computer to calculate the cost of a journey.他们用电脑算出旅行的用度。
I calculate that we will reach London at about 3 p.m.推断我们约莫不才午3点到达伦敦。
be calculated to do sth.旨在，筹算或筹划作念某事
His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd.他讲的话专诚饱读舞/挑动东说念主群。
n. calculation计较，推算
12 …it was the government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition.
英国政府缓助了此次考查中天体裁部分所需的开导和经费。
expense n.耗尽，用度，经费
It’s too much of an expense to own a car.领有一辆汽车的耗尽太大。
at one’s expense由某东说念主包袱用度
He had his book printed at his own expense.他我方出钱印了书。
at the expense of sth.在损失或损坏某事物的情况下
He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health.
他创建的企业很奏效，但这一切都毁伤了他的健康。
13.had to supply about ￡10，000 of his own money to equip the expedition……不得不把我方的钱（约莫一万英镑）拿出来为此次远征提供开导。
supply当“提供；供应”讲，近义词为provide/offer。
（1）supply sb.with sth./ supply sth.to sb.向某东说念主提供某物
They supplied food aids to the people in the flood-stricken area.
=They supplied the people in the flood-stricken area with food aids.
他们向受灾区区的东说念主们提供了食物挽救。
（2）offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.向某东说念主提供某物
He offered me a cup of tea.=He offered a cup of tea to me.
（3）provide sb.with sth./ provide sth.for sb.向某东说念主提供某物，供应
The firm has provided me with a car.=The firm has provided a car for me.公司提供给我一辆汽车。
在触及到钱时，supply则不解确，一般讲来要给钱，provide频频则意味着免费提供
The school provides the students with lesson-sheets.学校免费给学生提供教材。
We can supply you with some rare Ming editions. 我们可以给你提供一些零碎的明版书。
14.He also look out for new economic species; plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold . 何况他还调查了一些新的经济物种，在英国和世界其他地区孕育其谷物大概被卖的植物。
look our for to be careful of 当心；夺目；警惕
Look out (for the car)! 矜重(汽车)！
15. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to anther on a large scale， helping to develop local economic with these new imports. 约瑟夫。班克斯是第一位大规摸把植物从一个大陆移到另一个大陆的东说念主，用这些入口的东西来匡助发展当地的经济。
16.some plants that were spread over the globe in this way include cococa，hemp and tea.用这种方式发展起来的植物有可可，大麻和茶叶。
17.The voyage had been a great success.此次帆海取得了纷乱的奏效。
18.Wonderful discoveries had been of strange new lands，cultures，animals and plants.
绝妙的发现还包括新奇的大陆、文化和动植物。
19.From behind his desk， however， he was involved in enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settlement of Australia.关联词他却在幕后卷入了诸如探索非洲和开拓澳洲之类的飞行。
involve
（1）需要The job involved me in London.劳动需要我住在伦敦。
（2）瓜葛，牵缠；包括
The strike involved many people.许多东说念主参加了歇工。
involve sb./sth.in sth./doing sth.使某东说念主/某事物堕入或参与某行径
in solving your problems!你处治你的问题，不要把我拉进去。
He was involved in a heated argument.他参与了一场强烈的争论。
All the children were involved in the school play. 系数的孩子都参加了学校排演的剧。
20.He accumulated a great deal of knowledge about plants and agriculture.他集结了巨额的相关植物和农业方面的学问。
accumulated
（1）vt.集结；网络
By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由于投资可贵而积蓄了一笔财产。
My savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不时繁殖。
He accumulated a fortune by hard work. 他靠努力劳动积蓄了一笔财富。
（2）vi. 增多
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.房间不频繁打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。
Snow accumulated to a depth of 10 feet. 雪已积到十尺深。
n. accumulation 资产、学问、训诫的集结
21. In growing strawberries Banks went back to the abandoned practice of spreading straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.在栽植草莓时Banks禁受早已毁灭的在果实下铺稻草的方法来镌汰用水量。
The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司机把汽车抛在雪地里。
He found a baby abandoned by its parents.他发现了一个被父母甩掉的婴儿。
The match was abandoned because of bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣而取消。
(please look up the word:desert)
供阅读的其它学问点
▲Darwin’s observations on that voyage led him to write his famous book on the Origin of species.…
达尔文在那次环球旅行中的不雅察使他写出了知名的《物种发祥》
▲deserve
The article deserves careful study=The article is worth studying.
She deserves a reward for her effort.她积极努力，应该得到犒赏。
They deserve to be sent to prison.他们应该坐牢。
▲It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
达尔文乘“小猎犬号”去加拉 戈斯群岛的行径使他获取了新创建表面的钥匙。
▲habitat（动物或植物的）栖息地/当然环境
This creature’s natural habitat is the jungle. 这种动物的自然栖息地是森林。
▲pass sth.down from one generation to the next（常用于被迫语态）一代一代传下去
pass away 死亡，衰一火(die) pass by走过；经过；残酷 pass sth.on （to sb.）将某物传交给（某东说念主）
pass through sth.履历（一段时辰） pass on （to sth.）从一阶段插足另一阶段
▲.As a result of Darwin and Mendel s research， scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species. 达尔文和门德尔的计议湮灭，使得19世纪的科学家闷形成这么的一种理念：环境的影响导致了新物种的发展。
▲It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
要重新分解环境对物种的枢纽性环需要下一代科学家的努力。
▲In 1922，Gte Turesson found evdence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature.
1922年Gte Turesson发现了当然界物种富厚各种性存在的根据。
▲grow to bush长成灌木，grow close to the ground长得濒临大地
▲adapt 稳妥，改编，改写
I don’t think I shall ever adapt myself to this hot weather.
They are adapted to various climates，soil and other natural conditions.
He is adapting the novel fortelevision.他在把这部演义改编成电视剧。
▲However， Turesson’s findings show that habitat，such as soil conditions，is of equal importance to the output of crops.
关联词Turesson的调查计议湮灭却标明，孕育地的情况，如孕育地的泥土条目，对食粮农作物的产量也具有同样枢纽的真谛。
output n. amount of things that you have made 产量；居品
We must increase our output to meet people's needs. 我们必须增多产量来稳定东说念主们的需要。
请不要跟adopt（采纳、禁受，通过、收养）相混
▲procedure n.模范（尤指工商、法律、政事等事务的）
Stop arguing about （questions of） procedure and let’s get down to business.
别再为模范（问题）争辩了，我们入辖下手议正事吧。
procedure （for sth.）手续；才调
What’s the procedure for opening a bank account?在银行开个账户要办什么手续？
▲promote v.（1）普及，晋升
My daughter’s just been promoted!我的犬子刚被普及了！
promote sb.to sth.普及，擢升某东说念主
The football team was promoted to the first division.该足球队已晋升为甲级队。
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的敦厚已被普及为校长了。
（2）促进；饱读励，股东
The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进列国之间的友谊。
Kindness promotes peace. 亲切的行径可以促进慈祥。
▲rose n. a beautiful flower， which is red， white or yellow 玫瑰(花)；蔷薇(花)
Father planted roses along one side of the garden. 父亲沿着花圃的一边种了玫瑰。
You lie upon roses when young， you'll lie upon thorns when old. 新秀不努力，老迈徒伤悲。
▲peony n. 牡丹；芍药
She blushed like a peony. 她酡颜得像一朵牡丹花。
▲bunch n. a number of things of the same kind fastened or growing together 串；束
a bunch of flowers 一束花 a bunch of grapes/keys 一串葡萄/一串钥匙
▲merely adv. only只是；只不外
I didn't stop to speak to him--I merely smiled. 我莫得停驻来和他话语--我只是微微一笑。
▲enterprise n. an undertaking， especially one of some scope， complication， and risk; a business organization奇迹；企业
government enterprise 公/国营企业 private enterprise 私/民营企业 small-to-medium-sized enterprises中小企业
▲settlement n. group of homes in a place where no people have lived before 拓居地；假寓点
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 率先的隶属国事在好意思洲的东海岸。
n. agreeing about something after discussing it 处治（决策）
After long talks about pay， the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工资进行长期谈判后，劳资两边达成一项处治办法。
▲straw n. dry， cut stalks of wheat， etc. 稻草；麦秆
Everyone of us had a straw hat on. 我们东说念主东说念主都戴凉帽。
n. thin tube of paper or plastic for drinking a cold drink 麦管；吸管
He sucked Coke through a straw. 他用吸管吸厚味可乐。
▲year after year adv. 年年；一年又一年(= year in year out) 对比year by year
▲tone n. a sound; the quality of a sound; the voice， as expressing feeling调子；语调
She spoke in an angry tone. 她用恼怒的语气话语。
▲reward n. present or money that you give to thank someone for something 薪金；申报
He was given a reward for passing the examination. 他因磨练合格而得到奖品。
He worked hard all his life but without much reward. 他费力一世，但得到的薪金却很少。
vt. give something in return for 酬报；犒赏
He was well rewarded by the kind things people said about him. 东说念主们表扬了他，这便是对他很好的奖励。
▲nowhere adv. at， in， or to no place; not anywhere 任何场合都不；什么场合也莫得
He was nowhere to be found. 什么场合也找不到他。
n. an unknown place 不知说念的场合：a cabin in the middle of nowhere 不知在什么中心的小屋
▲altogether adv. on the whole; all things considered 系数；一言以蔽之
There were five of us altogether. 我们共有五东说念主。
Altogether， the book is quite interesting. 总的说来，这本书相配道理。
adv. totally; completely 完全；全部地
Some of what you say is true， but I don't altogether agree. 你说的有些是真的，但我不成鼓胀容许。
▲appearance n. what someone or something looks like 外貌；外在
Do not judge by appearances. 别从外貌判断事物。
n. being seen; coming 暴露；出现
At the sight of his appearance on the stage， the hall rang with thunderous applause. 他一出场，会堂里就掌声雷动。
▲latter adj. 后者
Of the two， the former is better than the latter. 两者之中前者较后者为佳。
▲distinguish vt.& vi. show the difference in; show the difference; make a distinction 区别；辨别
He could not distinguish cotton from wool. 他不成辩认是棉花如故羊毛。(tell…from)
You are confusing things， let me distinguish. 你把事情越弄越糟，让我来把它折柳出来。
▲in detail with all the facts 详实地 The teacher explained the text in detail. 敦厚详实地解释了课文。
Unit 5 Getting the message
Ⅰ. Words and Expressions（课文前边部分出现的）
1.convey ---- to take or carry from one place to another; transport. 运输；运输
----to communicate or make known; impart文书；通报；传达
The truck conveyed machinery across the country. 这辆卡车把机器运往世界各地。
Wires convey electricity.金属线导电。
I will convey the information to him.我将把这音信文书他。
2.advertise ---- to make public announcement of， especially to proclaim th equalities or advantages of (a product or business) so
as to increase sales. 作念告白；---- to warn or notify申饬，文书
advertise sth作念告白(宣传)，使……尽东说念主齐知，put an advertisement作念告白
Why not advertise your secondhand car in the local newspaper?为什么不在腹地报纸上为你的二手车作念个告白呢？
If you want to sell your secondhand car，why not put an advertisement in the local newspaper?
你如果念念卖掉你的二手车，为什么不在腹地报纸上作念个告白呢？
advertise for sb/sth登告白招聘/欲购
The company advertised for a new secretary.公司登了告白招聘又名新文牍。
We should advertise for someone to look after our children.我们该登个告白聘东说念主来照管孩子们。
advertiser 告白商
The report gives advertisers a new picture of women today.这份讲述使告白商对当天妇女有了新的分解。
4.brand ---- A trademark identifying a product or a manufacturer
商标；牌子；烙迹
What brand of soap do you like?你心爱什么牌子的肥皂？
These cattle have my brand on them. 这些牛身上都有我打的烙迹。
（常与of连用）特殊类型
his own brand of humor 他特有的幽默感
5.consideration ---- careful thought
Please give the problem your careful consideration. 请你仔细推敲这个问题。
短语：in consideration of 申报；由于under consideration 在推敲中，在计议中
take … into consideration 顾及，推敲到
Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when he marks your exams.
你的敦厚评定磨炼就绩时，会推敲到你最近生病的情况。
Taking everything into consideration，the result is better than I expected.
从各方面推敲，湮灭比我预念念的好。
温习以前学过的词组
We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把当地的条目推敲进去。
We must take account of the interests of the State.我们必须推敲到国度的利益。
In the first place ，you must think over this plan.发轫你必须推敲这个筹划。
6.charge ---- expense; cost 用度；耗尽 ---- the price asked for something 价钱，收费
a charge for the use of the telephone 使用电话的用度
The charge for a front-row seat is $3. 前排座位票价每张三好意思元。
----management 监督；不休
---- a claim of wrongdoing 指控；控告
a charge of stealing 对偷窃罪的指控
The charge carries a possible sentence of three years.这项控告可能要判三年徒刑。
短语：
in charge of 负责
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway.主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。
I was in charge of my sister. 我在照看我妹妹。
in the charge of / in one’s charge 归某东说念主负责；由某东说念主监管
The factory is in the charge of a special committee. 这家工场咫尺由一个相当委员会监管。
7.loss ---- The act or an instance of losing; something that is lost; people lost in wartime or an accident.损失；丧失；遗失。
The loss of my watch meant that I had to buy a new one.我的腕表丢了就意味着我得买只新的。
Have you reported the loss of the technical papers about the new product to the police?
你们把丢失新址品技能文献的事向警方讲述了吗?
His unfortunate death was a great loss to the firm.他的不幸死亡对他的商行来说是个紧要损失。
The losses are computed at $1000. 推断损失1000好意思元。
短语：
at a loss ①低于成本的：sell the merchandise at a loss.亏本卖出货色
②招引的；不解的：I am at a loss to understand those remarks. 我不睬解那些话
8.blame ----to hold responsible. 负责
---- To place responsibility for (something) 痛恨：把（某事）劳动归于…
Blame it!(好意思) 活该!
Don't blame it on him， but on me. 别怪他，该怪我。
They blamed the failure on George. 他们把失败痛恨于乔治。
Blame me if I don't. 我如果不这么作念，随你若何办好了。
They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他们怪罪文牍酿成筹划延误。
If he fails the exam he’s only got himself to blame.如果他磨练不足格，那只可怪他我方。
短语：be to blame 应受造谣
The children were not to blame. 孩子们不应受到造谣。
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不应该训斥司机。
n. 训斥，（对赖事所应答的）劳动
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我们准备对所发生的事承担劳动。
The judge put the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.法官把事故的劳动痛恨于汽车司机。
ⅠI. Words and Expressions（课文部分出现的）
1…they are broadcast on TV and over the radio，posted the Internet and printed in newspapers and on posters in our cities.
电视机和收音机播放告白，因特网上登载告白，报纸上印制告白，告白牌上贴告白。
broadcast -- to transmit (a radio or television program) for public or general use.传播，传播（电台电视节目），供大众使用
--to send out or communicate， especially by radio or television. 播放：尤指通过电台、电视，播出，发送：
The agency broadcast an urgent appeal for medical supplies.代理商通过电台病笃命令要求药品供应
to broadcast the gossip 传播闲言长语
The BBC broadcasts every day. 英国播送公司每天播送。
Radio Beijing broadcasts on a dozen different frequencies.北京电台以十几种不同的频率进行播送。
作名词用：
The news broadcast will be at 7.00. 新闻播送将在7点运转。
post ---- to display (an announcement) in a place of public view. 贴告示：在大众步地贴（告示）
----to cover (a wall， for example) with posters. 贴海报：用海报张贴
The names of the members of the team will be posted up today. 队员名单将至今天张榜公布。
The ship was posted missing. 该船宣告失散。
2.The development of radio，television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.
播送、电视和其它媒体与告白业同步发展。
hand in hand 手拉手，密切关系的
They went home hand in hand.他们手拉手回家了。
The development of agriculture should go hand in hand with that of industry. 工业和农业应共同发展。
Dirt and disease go hand in hand.弄脏与疾病是分不开的。
3.People react to advertisements in different ways.东说念主们对告白的反馈是不同的。
（1）vi. 反馈，扞拒
How did he react to your suggestion?他对你的建议有什么反馈？
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子频频故意不听父母的话来透露抗拒。
How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry.
你姆妈对这个音信的反馈怎么？她的反馈口角常不悦。
（2）vt. （指物资）起化学反馈
An acid can react with a base to form a salt.酸可与碱起化学反馈形成盐。
4.Some people find ads useful and entertaining;others think that they are annoying.有些东说念主以为告白有效何况道理，有些东说念主以为它敌对。
These flies are annoying me.这些苍蝇真使我心烦。
I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting.我对他烦透了，因为他不停地打断我的话。
be annoyed with sb for/at sth 敌对某事为某事对某东说念主不悦
温习：be angry at/about sth
be angry with/at sb for doing sth
5.Defenders of ads say that ads help us make informed choices as consumers by introducing good quality products.为告白接洽者说，告白先容了质料优良的居品，匡助消费者作出了聪慧的采用。
Can you inform where he lives?你能告诉我他住在哪儿？
He informed them of his arrival.他文书他们说他到了。
He is a well-informed man.他是个音信开通东说念主士。
inform against/on/upon sb告讦/控告
informer告讦者，检举者
6.On the other hand，critics sometimes accuse companies of using ads and misleading us by making us believe that a certain product is better than it really is or that we will be happier if we buy it.另一方面，品评者有时指责公司浪掷告白误导我们，让我们信服某种居品比它的实质情况要好，或者购买某种居品会令东说念主愈加甘心。
to charge with a shortcoming or an error. 指责：因瑕玷或纰谬而指控
to charge formally with a wrongdoing. 指控：矜重指控某一纰谬行径
The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。
The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。
accuse 与charge
The police ______ him with murder. (1) charged
Tom _____ his boss of having broken his word. (2) accused
The police ______the driver with careless driving. (3) charged
His neighbour ______him of playing the musical instrument too loudly. (4) accused
7.By introducing a brand name to potential customers，and by associating the product with the customers’needs，companies are able to influence the choices customers.把一个商品品牌的名字告诉潜在的消费者，并把这种居品同消费者的需要筹商起来，公司就可能影响消费者作出采用。
associate vt.把――和――筹商起来
He associated himself with this campaign. 他把他我方与此次战役筹商起来。
I didn’t want to be associated with it at all. 我压根不念念参与这件事。
What do you associate with such a heavy snow? 这么一场大雪你有什么联念念?
associate 还可以作不足物动词使用，“和……走动，和……同事（与with连用）解。
There he associated with working people. 在那儿他与劳动东说念主民走动。
8. Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.消费者每天看到巨额的告白，因此告白商必须使出周身的解数使消费者显着他们的意图。
get sth. across 使某事被分解（交融）
Our teacher is clever，but not very good at getting his ideas across to us.我们的敦厚很聪惠，但他不善于把他的不雅点证明晰。
The message got across at last.这信息终于被分解了。
9.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.接近消费者的最佳契机是投合消费者的情谊。
appeal命令，恳求：蹙迫或紧急的要求、请求或恳求
Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you? 你有莫得酷爱放洋劳动?
She appeals to me. 我对她感酷爱。
appeal （to sb） for sth. 请求某东说念主某事；命令。。。，请求继承make an appeal
警方命令公众提供相关被害者的情况。
The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.
appeals to sb to do sth. 命令某东说念骨干. make an appeal for sb to do sth
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府命令每个东说念主粗略用水。
The victims' families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer.
谋杀案的被害家属还是请求最高法院作真实的回话。
上诉：appeal a decision to a higher court 抗拒判决建议上诉
He appealed against the judge's decision. 他不吃法官判决而上诉。
作名词用:an appeal for aid 恳乞助助 an appeal for forgiveness 恳求宽恕
The teacher listened to his appeal. 敦厚倾听了他的要求。
10.It has been proven again and again that frequent advertising increases product sales.频繁作念告白会增多居品的销售额，这是一再评释了的事。
frequent：频频发生的， 频繁的
I enjoyed his frequent visits. 我心爱他频繁来访。
Frequent failures did not affect his morale. 多次失败都莫得使他气馁。
Rains are frequent here in early summer. 这儿在初夏日节常下雨。
She is a frequent visitor to our house.她是我们家的常客。
v.常去，频频进出于，与……频繁交游
Police visited all the bars that the suspect frequented.窥探阅览了嫌疑犯频频出没的系数酒吧。
These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds.这些森林里频繁栖息着各式鸟类。
夺目：frequent的反义词是 infrequent， frequent的副词是 frequently
11.Advertisements also help consumers choose among all the available products.告白还可以匡助消费者在系数大概找到的居品中进行采用。available（在第二单位中还是讲过，再温习一下）
This was the only available room.这是唯独可以诳骗的房间。
You will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就文书你。
Tickets are available at the box office.票房有票。
12. Armed with facts and figures，customers are better able to deal with the often powerful arguments by a salesman or saleswoman.掌持了一些事实和数据之后，顾主就能更好地应答销售东说念主员强有劲的劝服。
figure:标志，数字 ，图表， 价钱：用数来透露的价值
That car of his has been sold for a large figure 以高价出售
a figure of speech. 形象化的说法
She has a five-figure income. 她有五位数的收入。
figure in 包括：包括:figured in travel expenses 包含在旅行用度当中
figure on ①依靠We figured on your support. 我们就指望你的复旧了
②把…推断在内；祈望：I figured on an hour's delay. 我推断要蔓延一小时
③筹划We figure on leaving at noon. 我们筹划中午走
figure out ①发现或决定：Let's figure out a way to help. 让我们来找出匡助的办法吧
②处治或破译：Can you figure out this puzzle? 你能找到谜底吗?
We must figure out how to solve the problem.我们必须念念出处治这个问题的办法。
I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我念念不出那位戴墨镜的夫东说念主是谁。
13.Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.并不是系数的告白都用来促销商品或为公司增多利润。
该句为不完全含糊。相配于All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.
肖似句型还有：Not every…=Every…not…Not both… =Both…not…
profit（1）n. 利润，赚钱，利益
There are very little profits in selling newspapers at present.咫尺卖报纸利润很小。
We sold our house at a profit.我们出售房屋获取了利润。
This new invention will bring you great profits like a goldmine.
这项新发明会像一座金矿一样会给你们带来丰厚的利润。
I have read the book to my profit. 我读了这本书大有收益。
make a penny profit on each orange 要每只橘子盈利一便士
non-profit organisations非赚钱组织（本课中出现的）
（2）v.有利于，对（某东说念主）有克己
It will profit you nothing to do that.你作念那件事莫得克己。
She has certainly profited from spending a year in England.在英国渡过的一年照实对她是有利的。
The students do hope to profit by / from the teacher's comments on their compositions.
学生们忠诚但愿从敦厚对他们的作文的考语中获收成处。
对比：benefit/benefit from
14. Many governments used ad campaigns to make people aware of social problems and government policies.
许多政府部门也禁受告白作宣传，以使东说念主民了解社会问题和政府的战术。
campaign 战役；筹划
a campaign to stop people smoking 一项阻挠东说念主们抽烟的通顺
Did you take part in either of my last two campaigns? 你有莫得参加我（指挥）的上两次战役？
a fund-raising campaign 一项筹措资金的筹划；
make… aware of 使……分解到
15.These”bad ads”use illegal ways to mislead consumers.这些“坏告白”禁受犯警妙技来误导消费者。
an illegal immigrant. 行恶侨民 It is illegal to steal things. 偷东西是违纪的
16.It is not always easy to spot a bad ad there are a few things we can look out for.First of all，we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.要看出坏告白并不是容易的，但也有写情况是我们可以提防的。发轫，我们要警惕“荫藏的信息”。
供阅读的其它学问点
1. policy ---- A plan or course of action白虎 女優， as of a governme