偷拍自拍 亚洲色图
肛交 av 必修4 unit 3 讲义分析与熟悉(新课标版高一英语必修三教案教唆设计)
第三单位 感受英语幽默肛交 av
Part 1 Text Explanation 单位内容详解
Reading
NONVERBAL HUMOUR
Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin， bumping into someone else round a corner， or falling down a hole in the road①? If you do②， you are not alone. Some humour can be cruel but some people seem to enjoy seeing other people’s bad luck at times③. Perhaps it makes us feel more content with ④our life because we feel there is someone else worse off ⑤than ourselves.
However， some actors can astonish⑥ us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. Charlie Chaplin was just such ⑦an actor. He was born in poverty⑧ in 1889 and at that time films were silent. He became famous for using a particular⑨ form of acting， including⑩ mime and farce. His entertaining⑾ silent movies are still popular today. His charming character The Little Tramp is well known throughout the world⑿. He played a poor and homeless⒀ person， who wore large trousers， worn-out⒁ shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick⒂. This character was a social failure⒃ but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination⒄ in overcoming difficulties ⒅and being kind even when people were unkind to him.
So how did he make a sad situation entertaining? Imagine⒆ you are hungry and all there is to eat is a boiled shoe⒇. How would you make eating a boiled shoe funny? That was the problem facing(21) Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films The Gold Rush. He solved it by using nonverbal humour and this(22)is how it was done.
The film is set in (23)California in the middle of the nineteenth century when gold was discovered and thousands of people rushed there in search of(24) it. In the film. Chaplin and his friend are in California， too. Their job is “panning for gold”(25). They wash sand from the river in a pan of water， and expect to pick up (26)gold， but they have been not fortunate enough(27) to find any. Instead they are caught on(28) the edge of a mountain in a snowstorm in a small wooden house， where they have nothing to eat. They are so hungry that (29) they have to boil a pair of leather shoes in a pan and eat it. Chaplin sits down at the table(30) with his plate and drinking cup. First he picks out the laces and eats them as if they were(31)spaghetti. Then he cuts off(32) the leather top of the shoe， treating it as if it were the finest meat(33). Finally he tries cutting and eating(34) the bottom of the shoe. You can imagine how difficult it is to chew， but he seems to eat every mouthful(35) with great enjoyment. He makes it seem as if it were one of the best meals he has ever had! How hungry would you have to be to eat a shoe?
Chaplin produced， directed(36)， and wrote the movies he starred (37)in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his lifetime outstanding work. He lived the last years of his life (38) in Switzerland， where he was buried in 1977.
Comprehension
3.He was in such a hurry that he bumping into an old lady.
A knocked into(39) B came across (40) C waved goodbye D looked up at
4.The problem Charlie Chaplin was having to deal with(41) would not go away(42).
A practicing B preferring to talk to C trying to understand D facing
①a. see sb. doing意为“看到某东谈主正在作念”。当今分词在结构中无可救药补足语暗意主动或正在进行。如果宾语与后头的宾语补足语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且宾补所暗意的动作与谓语动词所暗意的动作同期发生，宾补就用当今分词。常见的用当今分词作宾补的结构有：get / leave / keep / set / catch / have sb. doing; see / find / watch / feel / hear / listen to / discover sb. doing 如:
He kept me waiting the whole morning.
他让我等了整整一上昼。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。
It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。
Don’t have the water running all the time.
不要让水流个不竭。
The clerk caught the girl stealing in the supermarket.
阿谁伴计在超市连忙收拢了阿谁女孩偷东西。
b. 畴前分词作补语:如果补语与宾语具有逻辑上的动宾关系，宾补的动作具有"完成"意见，或宾补暗意照旧存在的状态，就用畴前分词作宾补暗意被迫或完成。常见的用畴前分词作宾补的结构有:keep / leave / have / get sth. done; find / see / discover / observe / notice / hear sth. done; make oneself done如:
I have never heard the song sung in English.
我从来莫得听到有东谈主用英语唱过这首歌。
I heard the English song sung many times.
我屡次听到有东谈主唱这首英文歌。
The guests left most of the dishes untouched， because they didn’t taste delicious.
来宾们莫得动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来滋味不咋样。
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
汤姆打球时把胳背弄断了。
I’ll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
我来日要修车。
c. 不定式作宾补时有两类:
a) 带to的不定式作宾补。好多动词如allow， order， force， permit， tell， want， wish， forbid， advise， persuade， warn等后头作宾补的不定式齐带to。 如:
He didn't allow us to smoke in his house.
他不允许咱们在他的家里抽烟。
He left， leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了，留住我一个东谈主去作念剩余的通盘办事。
We hurriedly ended our meeting， leaving many problems to be settled.
咱们急忙匆中忙地斥逐了会议，留住了好多问题恭候处置。
The general ordered his men to withdraw in three hours.
将号角召士兵三小时后真贵。
b) 不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词make， have， let等后头作宾补的不定式不带to，暗意让某东谈主主动作念某事;感官动词see， watch， observe， hear， listen to， notice等后头作宾补的不定式不带to，暗意看到或听到事情发生的全经过。但在被迫语态中，动词不定式的标志to要还原。如:
He always makes his sister cry， but today he was made to cry by his sister.
他时常把他的妹妹弄哭，今天他却被妹妹弄哭了。
He made a face and made everybody laugh.
他作念了一个鬼脸，逗得行家齐笑了。
I heard her sing a English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
姆妈让我去小店里买点盐。
②a. do在高下文中代替句中的主要动词，幸免相通。动词的替代词时常是实意动词。如果被替代的动词是及物的，则替代词后头须跟宾语。动词替代词可与形貌动词连用，在含糊句和疑问句中无意还须引进助动词do的合适体式。如：
I finished my job before they did.
我在他们之前完成了办事。
In the earliest times， people couldn’t count as we do now.
在旷古时候，东谈主们不象咱们当今这样计数。
---- Do you like Beijing?
---- Yes， I do.
--你心爱北京吗？
--是的，心爱。
Mary studies modern history and she doesn’t do modern language.
马丽学习当代历史但不学当代语言。
He knows how to drive a car， doesn't he?
他知谈如何开车，对吧？
You should tell us the truth， if you don’t ， you will be punished.
你要说真话，要否则你将会受到刑事职责。
b. do与so搭配的复合动词do so，既可以替代动宾结构，也可以替代动状结构。如：
He said he would tell me the news， but he didn’t do so.
他说他要告诉我讯息，但他莫得这样作念。
He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so?
他抽烟很利害，他哥哥也这样吗？
…Jane is crying for some more cakes in the kichen.
…Yes， but her little brother isn’t doing so.
－简在厨房里哭着还要蛋糕。
－是的，可她的小弟弟可莫得这样。
c. 代动词do还可以与so搭配，组成两个意旨不同的常用句型：“So+do＋主语”和“So +主语＋do”，这两个句型常用于节略反映。
a) “So+do＋主语”暗意上头的情况不异适用于另一个对象。在这一结构中，主语与上文的主语不同。如：
…I like playing football.
…So do I.
－我心爱踢足球。
－我亦然。
…He went to Changzhou last week.
…So did I.
－他上星期到常州去了。
－我也去了。
注〕如果上文暗意含糊意旨，在节略反映中则用“Neither/Nor+do+主语”。此时do 是助动词。如：
…He doesn’t speak Russian.
…Neither/Nor do I.
－他不说俄语。
－我也不说俄语。
b) “So +主语＋do”暗意对别东谈主所说的情况加以征服，这时，主语与上文的主语沟通。如：
…The students work hard.
…So they do.
－学生学习很戮力。
－如实是的。
…He does well in English.
…So he does.
－他英语学的很好。
－是的，如实如斯。
③a. at times意为“时常，无意”，十分于sometimes。如：
At times I go out to the beach.
无意我去海边。
He writes to me at times.
他时常写信给我。
At times I go by car.
无意我坐车畴前。
b. 对于time的常用词组有：
in no time 坐窝；立时
at no time 决不；在什么时候也不（当at no time位于句首时，该句须用倒装语序）
at the same time 同期
at one’s time of life 在某东谈主的年龄
at a time 一次；同期
at one time 从前；曾有一时（常与畴前式连用）
( at ) any time 随时（at可不祥）
any time 那处，那处；随时效劳（是用走动答别东谈主谈谢的话）
at all times 时常；老是（= always ）
behind time 误点，迟到
from time to time 无意；时常
out of time 过期
for the time being 暂时
in time of 在……的时候
in one’s own time 在某东谈主的业余时刻
give sb a rough time （使某东谈主）受折磨
time and time again 一次又一次
once upon a time 从前
many a time 许屡次
have a good time 玩的欣忭
kill time 消磨时刻
take one’s time 不惊愕
ahead of time 提前
some time 一段时刻；一些时候
sometime 将来某个时候
sometimes 偶尔；无意
some times 若干次
c. time除了能作名词，暗意“时刻、时刻、次数、倍数”外，还能作及物动词使用，暗意“安排好时刻、为（比赛或选手）计时”。如：
He timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark .
他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到达货仓。
You have timed your holiday cleverly-the weather is at its best.
你真会选度假时刻---恰是天气最佳的时刻。
His remark was badly timed.
他说的话不对时宜。
Kick-off is timed for 2:30.
足球开赛时刻定于下昼二时半。
This egg is hard-you didn’t time it properly.
鸡蛋煮老了---你没掌捏好火候。
Time how long it takes me to do two lengths of the pool.
给我记一下我游一个走动的时刻。
d. time的常用句型有：
a). It’s time for sth . 或 It’s time ( for sb . ) to do sth . 意为“该是……的时候了”。如：
It’s time for dinner .
该是吃晚餐的时候了。
It’s time for children to go to bed .
是小孩睡眠的时候了。
It is time to go to school.
该上学了。
b). It’s ( high/about ) time ( that ) sb . did/should do sth . 意为“该是……的时候了”。该句型中的that 从句需要用编造口吻，谓语动词常用畴前式，也可用should+动词原形（此处should不可不祥）。如：
It’s high time that we should start.
咱们该启程了。
It’s time that we devoted ourselves to our country .
该是咱们报効故国的时候啦。
It’s time that I should go to fetch my daughter.
我该去接我的儿子了。
It’s about time that stopped fooling around and started looking for a job。
你可别再游手偷空了，早该找份办事了吧。
c). This is the time when sb . should do sth . 或The time has come when sb . should do sth . 这两个句型也用来暗意“该是……的时候了”，when 引导的定语从句用讲演口吻或“should + 动词原形”的体式。如：
This is the time when you should get up .
是你该起床的时候了。
The time has come when we should part from each other.
该是咱们必须谈别的时候了。
The time has come when you should tell me all the truth.
该是你向我说出全部实情的时候了。
d). every ( each ， any ， next ， first ， last ) time 作连词使用，引导时刻状语从句。如：
Every ( Each ) time I saw him ， I found him to be taller .
我每次碰见他，齐合计他又长高了。
The last ( first ) time I went to China ， I visited Shanghai .
我上（第一）次到中国时，游览了上海。
Next time you see him， tell him the truth.
下次见到他时，告诉他实情。
Any time you need help， please tell me.
岂论何时你需要匡助，尽管告诉我。
e). by the time 引导时刻状语从句时，意为“到……时为止”，主句一定要用完成时态。如：
By the time he was twelve ， Edison had built a chemistry lab for himself 。
爱迪生十二岁时，就开导了我方的化学践诺室。
By the time you saw me， I had had five hamburgers.
你看到我的时候我照旧吃了五个汉堡了。
By the time he went to school， he had leaned more than 3000 words by heart.
到他上学的时候，他照旧记着3000多个单词了。
f). This is the first ( second ， last ) time ( that ) sb . has done sth . 意为：是某东谈主第几次……。在该句型中，this 可以由that 或it 替换；从句中的谓语动词必须用完成式，且要与主句谓语动词be 的时态保持一致。如：
This is the third time I have been to Beijing .
这是我第三次去北京了。
That wasn’t the first time Linda had taken too many pills .
那不是琳达第一次服用这样多的药丸了。
It will be the fifth time that he will have been invited to such a meeting .
这将是他第五次应邀参加这种会议。
g). 三倍以上倍数的抒发方式常用以下几种句型：
A is times + as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as + B
A is times + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than + B .
A is times + the + 名词 + of + B . 如：
The sitting room is 3 times as large as the kitchen .
起居室的面积是厨房的三倍。
Your bag is three times larger than mine .
你的包比我的大三倍。
Your cake is twice the size of mine .
你的蛋糕比我的大一倍。
My school is one third the size of yours.
咱们学校惟有你们学习的三分之一大。
④a. be content with/to do 意为“知足；知足，安闲；高兴”。content此处为形容词，常作表语。如：
Are you content with your present salary?
你对当今的薪水安闲吗？
Now that she has apologized， I am content.
既然她照旧谈歉了，我也就安闲了。
He is content to stay in his present job.
他对当今的办事快慰闲足。
He is content to remain where he is now.
他安故重迁。
He was content that the thing had happened.
这事终于发生了对此他是安闲的。
I am very content with my life at present.
我对目下的生存快慰闲的。
She seems content to sit in front of the television all night.
看来她快意在电视机前坐个彻夜。
b. content作及物动词意为“使安闲；使知足，使不复有所求”常用于词组content oneself with，意为“知足或安闲于某事物（固然可能有更高的条件）”。如：
Simple praise is enough to content him.
他只须听到下马看花的表扬就快慰闲足了。
As there is no cream， we’ll have to content ourselves with black coffee.
既然莫得奶油，咱们只好喝清咖啡算了。
As the TV’s broken， you’ll have to content yourself with listening to the radio.
既然电视机坏了你就只好收听无线电算了。
c. content作名词， 暗意“所容纳的东西，所含之物，内容（指书内全部章节）；目次”时欺诈其复数体式contents。如：
Look up the contents at the beginning of the book.
查一下卷首的目次。
The drawer had been emptied of its contents.
抽屉照旧腾空了。
She hadn’t read the letter and so was unaware of its contents.
她莫得看那封信，是以不知谈信的内容。
At the front of the book is a table of contents， giving details of what is in the book.
书的前部有目次，详列了书中的内容。
d. content暗意“本色内容，要旨；意旨；容量；容积；含量，因素”时，常用单数体式。如：
In my opinion， the movie lacks content.
依我看这部电影笼统本色性内容。
Her life only had content when she was with him.
她惟有与他在沿途时生存才有益旨。
Oranges have a high vitamin C content.
橙子的维生素C含量很高。
Food with a high fat content is not good for our health.
脂肪含量高的事物对咱们的躯壳健康莫得自制。
e. content 作不可数名词意为“知足，安闲”。如：
He takes content in nothing.
他这东谈主从不知足。
Can’t you see the quiet content of the well-fed child?
难谈你看不到孩子喂饱后不哭不闹的知足状吗？
⑤a. be worse off意为“比以前更穷，更不高兴、更不健康等”。其反义词组为be better off意为“较好的；较理智的”。如：
The increase in taxes means that we’ll be ￡30 a month worse off.
加税以后咱们每月收入就要少了30英镑。
I’ve only broken my arm; other patients are far worse off than me.
我仅仅胳背折了，其他病东谈主比我严重的多。
He’d be better off going to the police about it.
他最佳把这件事呈报警方。
b. worse still十分于what’s worse， 意为“更糟的是”，作插入语，修饰全句。如：
欧美成人电影Worse still， the lion could even carry off the baby in its month.
更糟的是，狮子会吃掉婴儿。
In the earthquake， many houses were destroyed. Worse still， lots of people lost their lives.
地震中好多屋子被毁，更糟的是，一些东谈主失去了人命。
It was dark that night. Worse still， it was snowing hard.
那天晚上天很黑，更糟的是，还下起了大雪。
We were very tired at that time， and what's worse， it was raining heavily.
那时咱们照旧黯然魂销了，更糟的是，天还下着大雨。
c. to make matters/things worse意为“使情况更危急或更贫瘠”。如：
To make matters worse， he refused to apologize.
更糟的是他拒不谈歉。
He was very rude to the Customs officer， which of course made things even worse.
他对海关官员十分失礼，使得情况更糟了。
My car broke down on my way home. To make things worse， it began to rain heavily.
我的车在回家的路上坏了。更厄运的是天有下起了大雨。
⑥ a. astonish是个及物动词，意为"使骇怪，吃惊，畏缩"。如：
The news astonished everybody.
这个讯息令通盘的东谈主感到骇怪。
It astonishes me that no one has thought of this before.
以前谁也没预料这少量，使我感到骇怪。
He was astonished to hear he had got the job.
他听到得到了那份办事而感到骇怪。
It will astonish you to hear what I paid for this ring.
听到我花几许钱买这枚适度会使你大吃一惊。
b. astonished是形容词常作表语，意为“感到骇怪，吃惊”。be astonished to do sth./at sth./ that…发挥为"……感到骇怪"，如：
We astonished to hear the loud sound.
咱们被那庞杂的声息吓了一跳。
I was astonished that he appeared at the party.
他出当今约会上，令我感到骇怪。
Everybody was astonished at the news.
这个讯息令通盘的东谈主感到骇怪。
He was astonished to see his father.
他很惊异的看见他父亲。
You look astonished at my appearance.
对于我的出现你似乎很骇怪。
c. astonishing为形容词，意为“使东谈主骇怪的，惊东谈主的”。如：
I find it quite astonishing that none of you liked the play.
我感到骇怪的是你们谁齐不心爱阿谁剧。
There were an astonishing number of applicants for the job.
央求这份办事的东谈主数多的惊东谈主。
It was such an astonishing performance for such a young musician.
对于如斯年青的音乐家来说，这是令东谈主惊异的献艺。
d. astonishment是astonish的名词体式。意为“骇怪，赞叹”。如：
Imagine my astonishment when Peter walked in!
你可以遐想，当彼得进来的时候，我是何等的骇怪。
To my astonishment it had completely disappeared.
使我骇怪的是，它隐藏的涣然冰释了。
He looked at me in astonishment.
他赞叹地看着我。
⑦a. such这里为形容词，意为“如斯的，这样的”。修饰单数名词时，放于不定冠词a(an)之前，
若名词前有one，no，any，some， all， many等修饰时，such放在这些修设词之后。如：
He's such a man.
他便是这样一个东谈主。
One such table is enough.
这样的桌子，有一张就够了。
There is no such thing.
莫得这样一趟事。
b. such位于句首时， 句子须全部倒装，此句型中的such是 指令代词，多被认为是表语，是以such后的be动词应与其后的的确的主语保持一致。如：
Such is my hope for the future.
我对将来的但愿便是这样。
Such were the facts.
事实便是这样。
Such are the facts， no one can deny them.
这便是事实，谁也不行含糊。
Such is Albert， a simple man.
阿尔伯特便是这样一个毛糙的东谈主。
c. such sth. that…，such sth. as…句型意为“下述一类的；（象后头说起的）那样的，这样的，如斯的”；还可意为“（要紧性、价值等）达到那种进程的”。如从句不枯竭句子因素，用that引导，暗意“如斯…以致于”；如从句中枯竭句子因素，用as引导，暗意“像…一样的“像……”。如：
Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before.
有的祸事，象她汽车被盗之类，以前从未发生过。
Such advice as he was given proved almost worthless.
给他提的那类建议简直毫无价值。
The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo.
这个结系地那么紧，根柢解不开。
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
他的胳臂很长，险些能际遇天花板。
She is such a good teacher just as we expect.
正如咱们所料，她是一位好敦厚。
d. 用于某些短语中，如：such as暗意列举，有“举例、诸如”等风趣，as such则是“作为一个…，自己；按照某词通用的或严格的词义”等风趣，such and such意为“某某，这种那种的”等风趣。如：
I like drinks such as tea and soda.
我心爱诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
Wild flowers such orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了。
Wealth as such doesn't matter much.
钞票自己算不了什么。
I can’t call my book a best seller as such but it’s very popular.
我不敢说我的书是畅销书，但可以说很受迎接。
Such and such results follow from such and such causes.
如此这般的原因就产生如此这般的恶果。
e.so与such的用法区别由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只可修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与暗意数目的形容词many，few，much， little连用，酿成固定搭配。如：
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
He is so clever that he could work out such a difficult problem.
他很灵巧，把那么难的问题齐解出来了。
Jack ran so fast that he could catch up with the bus.
杰克跑得很快，竟然赶上的行家汽车。
David is so good a player that he has fans all over the world.
大卫是个相当好的球员，全世界各地齐有他的球迷。
There were so many people in the street that it was impossible for him to find the lost child.
街上的东谈主太多了，他根柢就不可能找到阿谁丢失的孩子。
She is such a nice girl that everyone loves her.
她是一个东谈主见东谈主爱的好密斯。
He had made such great progress that he passed all his exams.
他取得了庞杂的跳跃，每门考试齐通过了。
⑧ a. in poverty意为“处于清寒之中”。介词in加名词多用于表静形色况，如安全、危急、健康、波及东谈主的心情等。意为“在……气象中;在……情况下”。如：
in trouble 堕入窘境;
in danger 处于危急中;
in order 有序，有档次;
in surprise 骇怪地;
in silence 默然地;
in high/low spirits 心情高潮/低垂等等。
in peace 安稳地
in a mess 东歪西倒
in rags （穿得）破褴褛烂
in poor health 健康欠佳
in good repair 保存致密无比
in fun 开打趣地
in a hurry 急忙匆中忙地
in ruins 呈废地状态
in anger 大怒地
in a rage 大怒之中
如：
She went to school in a hurry.
她急忙中地上学去了。
The city was in ruins after the war.
干戈事后，这个城市变成了一派废地。
Are you in poor health? You don’t look well.
你躯壳不太好吗？你看起来不若何好？
Even he is in poverty， he is always ready to help others.
即使他没钱的时候他也老是乐于助东谈主肛交 av。
b. on加名词用语暗意动态，如正在从事某种行径或处于某种指点状态之中。如：
on business 出差;
on a visit 在打听;
on show 在上映;
on strike 在歇工;
on watch 在站岗/查看;
on fire 在着火;
on vacation/holiday 在度假，等等。如：
Are there any live fish on sale in the market?
市集里还有活鱼卖吗？
The house is on fire.
屋子着火了。
The president is on a visit to Paris.
总统去巴黎打听了。
⑨ a . particular为形容词，意为“非一般的，终点的，罕见的;个别的，个东谈主的；难以知足的，抉剔的”。In particular是习语，意为“尤其，终点”。如：
She took particular care not to overcook the meat.
她终点预防不把肉烹饪及其。
He is a particular friend of mine.
他是我的罕见一又友。
Is there any particular color you would prefer?
你有什么终点心爱的颜料吗？
She is very particular about what she wears.
她对穿戴很认真。
She is a very particular person.
她这个东谈主很抉剔。
The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent.
整顿饭齐很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。
---Is there anything in particular you’d like for dinner?
---No， nothing in particular.
---正餐你有什么终点心爱的菜吗？
---莫得，什么齐行。
b. particular作名词时常用复数体式，意为“信息，事项，细节”。如：
Her account is correct in every particular/all particulars.
她的帐目笔笔无误。
He gave full particulars of the stolen property.
他详确列出全部被盗的财物。
The policeman wrote down his particulars， ie his names， address， etc.
窥伺记下了他的个东谈主府上。
c. especially/ particularly/ specially三词的区别。
particularly 为副词，意为“尤其；格外地”，时常以不寻常的方式隆起某一事物的个性或私有之处。它可和especially通用，但更强调“如胶如漆”；especially 是副词意为“格外地、主要塞、尤其”，用于强调某种终点感受，起隆起强调的作用。指与其他同类比较，某东谈主(物)情况达到特地的进程。常在介词或连词前常用；副词specially意为“为了某一终点的目的；专门”，多指为一终点目的而作。如：
This handbook is particularly useful for middle school students.
这种手册对中学生尤其灵验。
I like all her novels， but her latest is particularly good.
她的演义我齐心爱，最新的一部尤其好。
Be particularly careful when driving at night.
晚上开车要终点预防。
The sight here is very beautiful， especially when there is fog.
这儿的风景很好意思，尤其是有雾的时候。
I came here specially to see you.
我专门来看你。
Our garden is beautiful， especially in fall.
咱们的花坛很漂亮，尤其在秋天。
This time I came back specially to see my family， especially my little daughter who was ill.
此次我专程总结看望我的家东谈主，尤其是我生病的赤子子。
These shoes were specially made for you.
这鞋是专门为你作念的。
I like all the subjects， especially English and math.
通盘的科目我齐心爱，尤其是英语和数学。
I like the beauty of the countryside， especially when spring comes.
我心爱田野的当然好意思景，终点是当春天到来的时候。
This book is specially written for children.
这本书是专门为孩子们写的。
⑩a. including是当今分词作介词意为“包含；包括”，后接名词。included置于名词后，十分于including+名词。如：
Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood， including old people.
这里通盘的东谈主，包括老东谈主，齐参加了防洪交游。
Everybody had something to say， me included/ including me.
通盘的东谈主，包括我在内，齐有些话要说。
Many people like the book， including me (或 me included.)
许多东谈主齐心爱这本书，包括我。
Tom took away all his things， including his books (或his books included.)
汤姆把他通盘的东西齐拿走了，包括他的书。
Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth， including my mother .
许多妇女齐在等着买那种布，包括我姆妈。
I have to prepare food for seven people， including me.
我必须准备包括我方在内 7 个东谈主的食品。
The band played many songs， including some of my favorites
乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我最嗜好的。
Sales up to and including last month amounted to ￡10，000.
销售额至上月底为止达10，000英镑。
b. include与contain的区别：
include 是动词，意为“包含（某东谈主/某事物）；包括”；contain为动词，意为“包含，容纳” 。contain和 include 固然齐有"包含"的风趣，但 contain 可用于暗意包含所含之物的全部或部分，而 include 则仅仅包含一部分。可以这样说，include 细心"被包含者仅仅举座中的一部分"。contain 细心"内有"。如：
The Chinese nation includes more than 50 national minorities besides the Hans.
中华英才除了汉族外，还包括五十多个少数民族。
The parcel contained a dictionary.
那包裹里装的是一册字典。
The parcel included a dictionary.
那包裹里也包括了一册字典。
The tour includes a visit to Paris.
此次旅行包括游览巴黎。
The basket contains a variety of fruits.
这篮子装有多样生果。
The jar contains ten glasses of water.
这只大口瓶装了十杯水。
The price includes both house and furniture.
价格包括屋子和产品。
I include him among my friends.
我把他行为一又友。
c.分词可以作介词用的词有concerning对于; considering探究到，就…而言; regarding对于; respecting对于; compared to/with与…比较; owing to “由于……因为……”; given探究; judging from从…来判断;等等。如：
Considering his age， he is tall.
探究到他的年龄，他算是高的了。
Considering he’s only just started， he knows quite a lot about it.
探究到他仅仅刚刚运转，他对此的了解照旧不少了。
She’s very active， considering her age.
就她的年龄来说，她是够活跃的。
I have nothing to say concerning his speech.
至于他的演讲，我无话可说。
I hear he is more than 70， but he is still very strong， considering his age.
传说他照旧 70 多岁了，但从他的年龄来看，他仍然很踏实。
Considering （ that ） he did not study hard， he did well on the test.
探究到他没灵验功，他考得还可以。
Compared with / to her mother， she is tall.
和她母亲比起来，她算很高了。
Owing to unfavorable weather， I was unable to carry on with it.
由于天气不好，我不行把它进行下去。
Judging from / by what he said， he must be an honest man.
由他所说的来判断，他一定是个安分的东谈主。
Judging from / by his accent， he must be from Guangdong province.
从他的口音来判断，他一定来自广东。
Regarding this point， he is correct.
对于这少量，他是对的。
Respecting your salary， we shall come to a decision later.
对于你的工资，咱们将在以后作念出决定。
Concerning your letter， I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable.
对于来信，我很欢娱地见知你，咱们合计你的打算是可接收的。
Given that they are inexperienced， they have done a good job.
探究到他们教诲不足，他们的办事作念得还可以。
Given his support， I think we'll win the election.
若能得到他的撑持，我想咱们会赢得此次选举。
Given good health， I hope to finish the work this year.
如果躯壳好的话，我但愿这年完成这项办事。
Give the opportunity， he might well have become an outstanding artist.
如果有契机，他可能早就成为又名优秀的艺术家。
Given their inexperience， they have done a good jib.
探究到他们笼统教诲，他们干得照旧可以的。
Given his age， he is rather healthy.
就他年龄来论，他是十分健康的。
Allowing for / Considering traffic delays， it will take you an hour to get there.
把路上的犹豫算进去，你要用一小时能力到那儿。
I will agree to go provided / providing that my expenses are paid.
假如为我背负用度，我就应承去。
We can all leave together ---assuming(that) / supposing (that )the others aren't late.
咱们行家可以沿途去─假设其他东谈主不犹豫的话。
⑾a. entertaining是形容词，意为“使东谈主高兴的，意思的”。如：
He is the most entertaining guest.
他是最风趣的来宾。
We saw a very entertaining film yesterday.
咱们昨天看了一部很意思的电影。
b. entertain是动词，意为“招待，理睬某东谈主；使某东谈主快乐; 快意探究某事物”。如：
I don’t entertain very often.
我不常在家宴客。
They do a lot of entertaining.
他们时常设席待客。
They entertained us to dinner last night.
他们昨晚设席招待咱们。
Could you entertain the children for an hour， while I make supper.
我作念晚饭时，你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗？
He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.
他给咱们讲故事、说见笑、让咱们欢娱了几个小时。
He refused to entertain our proposal.
他拒不探究咱们的建议。
c. entertainment为名词，意为“招待，理睬，文娱”。如：
He fell in the water， much to the entertainment of the children.
他掉进水里，逗的孩子们乐不可支。
The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper.
报纸上登有土产货的文娱行径。
He often goes to places of entertainment to kill time.
他时常去文娱步地消磨时刻。
⑿a. throughout是介词，意为“宽阔，遍布；流畅(步地，时刻之中)，重新到尾”。比through更强调“富余”。throughout常等于all through。throughout the world意为“全世界”。如：
They went on working all through the night.
=They went on working throughout the night.
他们持续办事了一个彻夜。
I remained silent throughout.
我通首至尾齐保持缄默。
The ring is gold throughout.
这适度是纯金的。
The new epidemic spread throughout the country.
那种新传染病推广到了宇宙各地。
They searched for the lost child throughout the day.
他们整日寻找那失散的孩子。
National Day was celebrated throughout the country.
宇宙齐在庆祝国庆节。
This feeling persisted throughout the day.
这种嗅觉持续了一整天。
b. throughout还可作副词，意为“各方面，各处；在某事的通盘时间”。如：
The house was printed green throughout.
那屋子通盘涂成绿色的了。
Certain names in the book were underlined throughout.
书中在某些名字底下齐划了线。
I watched the film and cried throughout.
我看阿谁电影时重新哭到尾。
c. through作介词，意为“穿过，通过；或（指时刻，技能等）以、用、凭借、通过；从运转到斥逐，在…时间等”。如：
The river runs through our village.
这条河流经咱们的屯子。
Light comes in through the window.
色泽从那扇窗子透近来。
We sold the car through advertising in the local paper.
咱们卖那部车是通过在方位报上登告白。
Their success was achieved through hard work.
他们的得手是靠戮力办事而取得的。
He worked all through the summer.
通盘夏日他齐在办事。
The exhibit will be open Tuesday through Saturday.
展览开放时刻为周二到周六。
I was in college from 1977 through 1981.
我从1977年到1981年在大学肆业。
d. through作副词意为“通过，穿过；透彻地，富余步；接通”。如：
I read the book through.
我把这本书看收场。
He was wet through.
他富余湿透了。
Can you put me through to Mr. Jones?
请给我接琼斯先生好吗？
The door opened and we went through.
门开了，咱们穿门而过。
The gap in the fence wasn’t big enough to get through.
栅栏上的缺口不够大，钻不外去。
Those boards are rotten through and through.
那些木板已富余退步。
e. through还可作形容词，意为“直达的，纵贯的（十分于direct）；完成的，斥逐的”。如：
We took a through train to London.
咱们乘直达火车到伦敦。
When you are through in the kitchen， let me know.
你在厨房忙完后就告诉我。
⒀a. homeless为形容词，意为“居无定所的”。-less为含糊后缀。如：
countless 不可数的
wireless 无线的
ceaseless 不罢手的
careless 唐突的
b. 含糊前缀：在英语中，有一些暗意含糊意旨的前缀，在暗意含糊意旨的时候，它们的用法基本沟通，可译成汉语“非”、“无”、“不（是）”、“未”等。但这些前缀的起原以及接在后头的词有一定的离别。此外，除了暗意含糊意旨外，它们各自还可暗意其他的意旨。底下离别作毛糙先容。
a) un-：起原于希腊语。可加在形容词当今分词和畴前分词前组成形容词；加在副词前组成副词加在名词前组成名词。如：
unafraid 不怕的，无惧色的
unaware 不知谈的，不刺目的
unclean 不干净的，恶浊的
unhappy 祸患福的，不快乐的
uninteresting 无真理的，乏味的
unknown 不知的；未知的；无名的
unmarried 只身的
uncommonly 不普通地；不鄙俚地
unemployment 逍遥
unrest 不宁，不安；动乱，麻烦
b) non-：起原于罗曼语。加在形容词动词和名词前组成形容词、名词。如： nondestructive 非陡立性的
nondollar 非好意思元的；非好意思无区的
noneffective 无着力的，不起作用的
nonstop 不竭的，陆续的
nonconductor 非导体，绝缘体
nonsmoker 非抽烟者
c) dis-：起原于罗曼语。加在形容词、动词和名词前。如：
disloyal 不丹心的
dishonest 不安分的
disagree 不应承、不一致、不符
dislike 不心爱，厌恶
displeasure 不高兴，不悦、起火
d) in-：起原于拉丁语。加在形容词、当今分词、畴前分词、名词前。如：
incorrect 不正确的，诞妄的
inconvenient 不简便的
inexpensive 破耗未几的；东谈主格公谈的
invalid 无效的
injustice 非正义；不屈正
instability 不稳固性；不坚决
e) il-：起原于拉丁语。用在以字母“Ｉ”运转的词前边， 后可接形容词当今分词、畴前分词、名词。如：
illegal 不对法的、犯警的
illiterate 文盲的；无知的
illogical 不对逻辑的，笼统逻辑的
illiquid 非现款的；无流动资金的
illiteracy 文盲，无知
f) im-：起原于拉丁语。用在以字母“b”、“p”、“m”运转的词前边，后可接形容词、名词。如：
imbalance 不屈衡，不平衡
immeasurable 无法计量的
immemorial 无法回想的
impassable 不行通行的
imperfect 不好意思满的
impossible 不可能的
g) ir-：起原于拉丁语。用在以字母“r”运转的形容词前。如：
irregular 不规定的，不法则的
irrecoverable 能呈报的
irresponsible 不承担现任的，不需负职责的
irreplaceable 不行替代的；不行恢收复状的
c. 含糊前缀暗意“含糊”除外的其他意旨。
a) “un-”暗意下列意旨时起原于日耳曼语，可以在动词或名词前组成动词， 有四种意旨，如：
（a)暗意“作念违反的动作”如：
unsay 收回，取消（序论）
unclose 绽放
unseal 开启......的封印；拆（信）；使撤销照应
unarm 撤销......的开装，缴......的械
unbuild 拆毁；粉碎
（b）暗意“使丧失”，“夺去”，“废止”如：
unseat 劫夺....的席位；使失去阅历；使退位
unsex 使失去性功能；使失去性别特征（尤指女性）
vunman 使失去男人汉气概；阉割；撤去（船只或舰队）的东谈主员
（c）暗意“由.....摆脱”“由.....取出”，如：
unhand 把手从......移开；放掉
unbosom 吐露（隐衷），裸露（念念想）
unearth 发掘；掘出
4)暗意“透彻”，如：
unloose 收缩；自如，开释
b) “non-”的两种新义：
(a)“不要紧的”，“无价值的”含有“假冒”，“乱来”等风趣。如：
nonbook 毫无文体价值、尸位素餐的书
non-friend 假一又友
nonperson 被认为不存在的东谈主：（ 由于政事或意志形态原因而）被摒除在探究之外的东谈主（也可用unperson）
nonevent 被祈望但未兑现（或恶果使东谈主扫兴）的事
(b)“笼统传统性的”。如：
non-hero=anti-hero 非传统式骁雄，
nonnovel 不行按传统创作法写成的演义
c)“dis-”暗意“分离”、“除去”、“劫夺”，如：
discharge 卸货；排出（气体等）
discolour (使)变色，（使）消除
discourage 使泄劲，使失去信心
dishearten 使失去勇气，使消沉 ， 使失去信心
displace 移植，更始
d)“in”暗意“在内”，“进”、“入”、“向”、“朝”。如：
inclose(=enclose) 围住；圈起；关闭住
income 收入，收益
vinflow 流入
inland 内地的，内陆的
inside 里面，里面
inlet 入口，东谈主口
e)“im-”暗意“向......内”、“向......上 ”“向......”。如：
imbed(=embed) 莳植（花等）：埋置：把......镶嵌
inmigrate （从海外）移来；移居入境
immerge 浸入；专心，埋头
impark把 （动物）围在园内
immixture 搀和；卷入
f)“ir”暗意“插足”、“在内”。如：
irrigation 灌溉；水利
irruption 侵入，闯入
d. 在学习这些前缀时，必须刺目以下点：
a)“un-”无意并不暗意含糊。如：
easy 容易的
uneasy 心神不宁的：忧虑的：惦记的
canny 灵巧的，肃肃的
uncanny 精巧的；怪神色的
[注]“loose”、“loosen”和“unloose”、“unloosen”这四个词的风趣富余一样，齐指“收缩”；“解开”；“自如”。
b) 一般来说，“un-”加在本家语词汇前，而“in ”加在外来语词汇前。但无意候“un-”加在形容词词前，而“in”则加在相对应的以拉丁语斥逐的名词前。如：
unable （不行的，窝囊的，窝囊为力的）--inability.
unjust （非正义的，不屈正的）一injustice.
unequal （不对等的）--inequality.
c) 以“-ed”斥逐的词只跟“un-”，以“-ing”斥逐的词也跟“un-”。如：
undigested 未消化的：未充分融会的--
indigestible 无法消化的
uncompleted 为完成的
incomplete 装假足的；未完成的
undetermined 为笃定的--
indeterminate 不完善的，无法决定的
irredeemable 不行赎回的，不行偿还的
unceasing 不竭的，陆续的
incessant 不竭的，陆续的，连气儿的，频繁的
undiscriminating 不加区别的，无抚玩的--
indiscriminate 不加区别的，无采选的。
d) “un-”和“non-”虽齐是暗意含糊意旨的前缀，但“un-”的含糊口吻要比“non-”强。另在暗意二者相互比较时，“non-”时常和“un-”的风趣违反。如：
a non-scientific-book 一册与科学不连络的书（可能是演义或列传）
an unscientific book 一册科学水平低的书。
e) 要终点刺目接“dis-”和“un-”的一些词的词性与词义。如：
unable adj.不行的，不会的；窝囊力的；窝囊为力的
disable vt.使窝囊为力；使伤残
unlike a .不同的，不相似的/prep.不象，与......不同
dislike vt./n.不嗜好，厌恶
uncover vt.揭开......的盖子；移......遮蔽物；使表现
discover vt.发现，看出
unclose vt.绽放
disclose vt.揭开；密告；裸露，泄露
比较：
inclose vt.围住；圈起；关闭住
[注]unarm和disarm的风趣一样，齐暗意“缴......的械”，“撤销......的武装”。
⒁ a. worn-out是复合形容词在句中定语或表语。意为“使（某物）用的不行再用，用坏或消耗；困窘的”。wear (sth./sb. ) out 为动词词组，意为“穿坏；穿旧；用尽”。 如：
The little girl is playing with a worn-out toy.
阿谁小女孩在玩一个破旧的玩物。
Your suit is almost worn out.
你的西服已差未几穿旧了。
Cheap socks wear out quickly.
低廉袜子很快就会穿破。
I’m worn out by the hard work.
费事办事使我身心交瘁。
This machine is worn out and will have to be replaced.
这台机器老掉牙了，得换新的了。
I wore out two pairs of boots on the walking tour.
我徒步旅行穿坏了两双靴子。
Her patience was at last worn out.
她终于孰不可忍了。
Just listening to his silly chatter wears me out.
我听着他枯燥的话把我烦透了。
They were worn out after a long day spent working in the fields.
他们在地里干了一整天的活，累得困窘不胜。
b. wear （sth./sb.）down 意为“（使某物）用薄，用坏或用旧；使（某东谈主/物）病弱”。如：
The tread on the tyres has been worn down to a dangerous level.
轮胎胎面斑纹照旧磨损得到了能发生危急的地步了。
She was worn down by overwork.
她因过度劳累而跨了下来。
The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy’s resistance.
这一战略旨在渐渐削弱敌东谈主的起义力。
c. wear (sth.) off意为“（使某物）逐渐隐藏或除去”。如：
The dishwasher has worn the glaze off the china.
这些瓷器时常用洗碗机清洗，光泽齐隐藏了。
The novelty will soon wear off.
这种新奇的嗅觉很快就会隐藏。
The pain is slowly wearing off.
难熬的嗅觉正在逐渐消退。
⒂ a. walking stick意为“手杖”。-ing体式暗意“供作……之用”（used for）的风趣，这类作定语的-ing体式称之为动名词，动名词作定语暗意名词的属性或事物的用途。如：
drinking water 饮用水
reading material 阅读材料
opening speech 开幕词
listening aid 助听器
a waiting room 候车/诊室
a swimming pool 游池塘
a sleeping car 卧铺车
teaching method 教唆时刻
freezing point 冰点
fighting post 战斗岗亭
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
有瞻念看室里不准高声言语。
There is a swimming pool in our school.
咱们学校有一个游池塘
b. –ing体式暗意“……的”风趣，称之为当今分词。当今分词作定语对被修设词进行截至或描画，十分于一个定语从句。单个的当今分词作定语则主若是暗意被修设词正在作念什么。如：
a walking child 步碾儿的孩子
working people 劳动东谈主民
the rising sun 正在起飞的太阳
the falling leaf 正在飘落的树叶
sleeping child 酣睡的孩子
developing countries 发展中国度
running water 自来水
c. 单个分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修设词之后。当今分词作定语，主要证据"正在进行的动作"或是"一个在当今或畴前某段时刻内的时常化动作" 。另外，分词作定语还有"being + 畴前分词"的体式。这种抒发体式的意旨是"分词动作正在进行；但分词动作与其所修饰的词之间是动宾关系" 。如：
The man sitting in the corner is my brother.
坐在边缘里的阿谁东谈主是我手足。
The girl standing by her mother looked very timid.
站在她姆妈把握的阿谁女孩看上去很畏缩。
The cloverleaf intersection being built is designed by a young man .
那座正在兴修的立交桥是一位年青东谈主设计的。
The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2000 .最近到处在辩论的话题齐与两千年奥运会连络。
Who is the comrade standing by the door?
站在门边的同道是谁？
They lived in a house facing south.
他们住在一所朝南的屋子里。
[注] –ing分词还可以作非规模性定语，十分于一个非规模性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:
The words， usually dealing with current work， were mostly written by himself.
歌词一般讲面前的办事，大部分是他我方写的。
When she appeared， John， wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat， ran to her with joy.
当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣欢娱地跑了畴前。
d. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no +thing/body/one所组成的复合代词或指令代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修设词的后头。如：
Is there anything unsolved?
还有没处置的问题吗？
There is noting changed here since I left this town.
自从我离开这个城镇以来，险些莫得什么变化。
There is nobody living in the old house.
老屋子里没东谈主住。
⒃ a. failure既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。要通过语境，分析语义。此文满意为“失败者、失败的事例”是可数名词。failure作“失败”解时为不可数名词。雷同的概括名词还有：success， pleasure， honour， favour， surprise， help， pity， joy， delight， interest， fit， shame， etc.如：
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是得手之母。
Success came after many failures.
宝剑锋自老练出。
He was a failure as a teacher.
他不是一个好敦厚。
She was upset by her failure in the exam.
她因考试不足格而感到消沉。
The project was a complete failure.
这个打算透彻失败了。
b. fail是failure的动词体式，意为“失败，不足格”。作不足物动词时，常用搭配有fail in 暗意“在某方面不得手，考试不足格”；fail to do暗意“不行，莫得”。fail作及物动词时意为“不行，健忘，莫得让…通过考试;使失望，有负于等等。”如：
The student failed in the examination.
这个学生考试不足格。
I failed to understand it.
我无法融会它。
He never fails to write to his mother every week.
他每周齐给母亲写信。
She has been failing in health.
她的健康越来越差。
He failed his driving-test.
他驾驶测试不对格。
The examiners failed half the candidates.
主考官评定半数应考者不足格。
Several banks failed during the depression.
有几家银行在不景气时期倒闭了。
⒄ a. determination是名词，意为“决心，决定；（对某事物的）笃定，决心；（数目，质地等的）测定，计较。”如：
He is a leader with courage and determination.
他是一个骁勇的指挥。
His determination to marry her is now much stronger than ever.
他想和她成亲的决心当今比以前愈加顽强。
She has the determination to overcome all the obstacles to success.
她有决心克服通往得手路上的一切讳饰。
I appreciate her dogged determination to learn English.
我佩服她学英语的那种顽强不移的决心。
I’m not sure of the determination of the ship’s position.
我对船想法的测定不是很笃定。
b. determine是动词，意为“决定，判断，测定；使决意；查明，笃定。”如：
He determined that he would leave.
他决定离开。
His advice determined me to delay no more.
他的劝告使我决定不再拖延。
The policeman wanted to determine all the facts.
阿谁窥伺想要查清全部事实。
She determined to go that very afternoon.
她决定就在那天地午走。
We should determine the date in time.
咱们要即使定好日子。
c. determine to do与be determined to do齐意为“决心作念。”但前者表动作，后者表状态。determine on (doing) sth.意为“决定（作念）某事。”如：
we are determined to get the work done before Friday.
咱们决心在周五前完成这项办事。
We have determined to get the work done before Friday.
咱们已决定在周五前完成这项办事。
We determined on an early start.
咱们决定早启程。
⒅ a. overcome为动词，其畴前式及畴前分词离别为overcame， overcome。意为“战胜，克服；（心情等）压倒，使受不了。”如：
He’s trying to overcome his fear of flying.
他致力克服对飞行的恐惧。
He overcome a strong temptation to run away.
他阻抑了要逃遁的猛烈勾引。
We shall overcome.
咱们一定告捷。
The old woman was overcome by gas fumes.]
那老媪东谈主被煤气熏倒了。
He was overcome by anger.
他因为气恼而不行自持。
We’ll overcome that difficulty when we get to it.
那种贫瘠到时候咱们自有办法处置。
She was overcome with the emotion.
她高亢得不行自持。
You must overcome your bad habits.
你必须克服你的坏民风。
The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.
清早时大火已被富余扑灭。
b. 动词词组come over (to…) (from…)意为“（时常为辽远）来到另一地”；come over sb.意为“（某种）嗅觉刺激或影响某东谈主”；come over (to sth.)意为“转变态度或意见等”。如：
Why don’t you come over to England for a holiday.
你若何不到英国来度假呢？
I will come over and see you after work.
放工后我来看你.
Her grandparents came over to America from Ireland during the famine.
她的祖父母是在饥馑时期从爱尔兰来到好意思国的。
A fit of dizziness came over her.
她感到一阵头昏脑眩。
I can’t think what came over me.
我不知谈我是若何了。
She will never come over to our side.
她决不会站到咱们这边来。
⒆ a. imagine用作及物动词，意为“想像”“设计”。如：
Imagine that you are in London.
想像一下你正在伦敦吧。
It is difficult to imagine their sufferings.
他们的灾荒是难以想像的。
Can you imagine life without electricity?
你能想像出莫得电时的生存吗？
Imagine a house with a big garden.
设计有一所带大花坛的屋子。
She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them.
她想像我方走进办公室，对每个东谈主说出她对他们的看法。
b. imagine作及物动词用，意为“预感”“设计”“预料”。如：
I can’t imagine living anywhere but England.
我很难设预料英国除外的方位去生存。
I couldn’t imagine his saying so.
我预感不到他会这样说。
I can’t imagine that anyone one cares what I do.
我想不也谁会温雅我的一颦一笑。
c. imagine用作及物动词，意为“猜想”“认为”
I imagine she must be very tired after her journey
我想她旅行后一定很累。
I imagine that he’ll be there.
我想他会到那儿去。
I can’t imagine what you mean.
我猜不出你的风趣。
I can’t imagine what she looks like.
我猜不出她是什么款式。
[注] imagine 用作及物动词时，其后的宾语可能是名词、代词、动名词、宾语从句或复合宾语，但不行径直接不定式无可救药。
d. imagine与guess， suppose的区别：
imagine主要指“想像”“幻想”，侧重指在脑海中酿成一个明晰明确的印象，或认为
某事物可能发生或存在。Guess意为“猜测”“估计”，是一个较往常的词，侧重指未
知谈前的猜测。而suppose意为“想像”“推测”，侧重指假设或假设中的情形。如：
I like to imagine myself flying a plane.
我心爱想像我方驾驶飞机。
Can you guess what my weight is?
你能猜出我的体重吗？
You have guessed right.
你猜对了。
Let’s suppose that the news is right.
让咱们假设这讯息是确实。
Can you guess his age?
你能猜出有的年龄吗？
Let us suppose that we had not helped him， what would have happened?
假设咱们那时莫得去匡助他，会发生什么事呢？
⒇ 畴前分词作定语
a. a boiled shoe意为“一只煮熟的鞋子”。此处boiled是畴前分词作定语。畴前分词作定语暗意动作在谓语动作之前发生，照旧完成并具有被迫意旨。无意也不暗意时刻性。作定语的畴前分词一般由及物动词变来，因为惟有及物动词才有被迫意旨。如：
Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)
预定的座位在那处？
The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来匡助那些居无定所的东谈主。
This book， written (= which is written) in simple English， is suitable for beginners.
本书是用陋劣的英语写的，得当入门者。
This is a pressing problem. (=This is a problem which is pressing.)
这是一个进军的问题。
He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是个很受学生帮忙的敦厚。
They decided to change the material used.
他们决定更换使用的材料。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的学生是我的儿子。
b. 单个畴前分词前加又名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连络起来组成一个复合形容词，放其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词暗意分词的动作或步履主体，所加的副词暗意方式、时刻、进程、性质等意旨。如：
This is a state-owned factory.
这是一家国营工场。
This is our school-run factory.
这是咱们的校办工场。
The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是咱们的办公楼。
c. 有些不足物动词的畴前分词作定语，一般作前置定语，它不暗意被迫意旨，只暗意主动意旨，强调整作完成。不行像及物动词的畴前分词那样放在名词后头作定语。这类畴前分词常作前置修饰语。常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。如：
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶。
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部电影描摹的是窥伺抓逃犯的事。
This is the wounded soldier.
这便是阿谁受伤的战士。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle.
这便是在战场上受伤的战士。
We needed much more qualified workers.
咱们需要更多的及格的工东谈主。
My friend is a returned student.
我的一又友是个回国的留学生。
(21) facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films此处是当今分词短语作后置定语修饰名词the problem，十分于一个定语从句的作用。即the problem which faced Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films。当今分词作定语暗意“正在进行的动作”，当今分词可以单独作定语，也可以组成合成词作定语，但在更多的情况下是分词短语作定语，包括截至性和非截至性（用逗号与其他部分分开），介意旨上十分于一个定语从句。当今分词作定语时常带有主动意旨和未完成意旨。如：
In the following years he worked even harder.
在其后的几年中，他学习更戮力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与敦厚谈话的阿谁东谈主是咱们班长的父亲。
The man following was obviously in a hurry.
后头的东谈主昭彰很急忙中。
They acted just like a conquering army.
他们就象是一支滋扰军。
Do you know the man standing over there by the motorcar?
你相识阿谁站在摩托车把握的东谈主吗？
Last night， we caught a thief stealing John's bike.
昨晚有个小偷在偷约翰包的时候被咱们连忙收拢了。
（22）a. this此处为指令代词。代替上文的he solved it by using nonverbal humour。暗意“这个”、“阿谁”、“这些”、“那些”等指令意见的代词叫作念指令代词。指令代词有: this这个; that阿谁; these这些; those那些; it阿谁，这个; Such如斯的，如斯的事物; same不异的，不异的事物。指令代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法十分于名词和形容词，可用作东语、表语、宾语和定语。如：
This is a plane.
这是一架飞机。(作东语)
Oh，it's not that.
噢，问题不在那儿。(作表语)
How do you like these?
你心爱这些吗?(无可救药)
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.这是一册对于中医的书。(作定语)
b. 指令代词this，these，that， those的其它用法。
a) This (these)常用来指在时刻或空间上较近的事物，that(those)则常用来指时刻或空间上较远的事物。如：
This is a sickle and that is an axe.
这是一把镰刀，那是一把斧子。
These days are cold.
这些天很冷。
In those days the poor people had a hard time.
在那些日子里，穷东谈主生存很苦。
b) 无意that和those指前边讲到过的事物，this和these则指底下将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.
我感冒很利害，是以我莫得来。
Those two statements are not true.
那两种说法是不真实的。
What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning English.
我所要说的是：语音在英语学习中相当要紧。
Chairman Mao honored Liu Hulan with these words：“A great life A glorious death”.毛主席用底下的话赏赐刘胡兰：“生的伟大，死的光荣。”
c) 无意为了幸免相通提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing.
沈阳的气象跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)
The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.
这个县1987年的食粮产量比1980年增多一倍。(that代替grain output)
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
南京坐蓐的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)
d) This和that无意作状语用，暗意“进程”，意谓“这样”和“那么”。如：
The book is about this thick.
那本书大要有这样厚。
I don't want that much.
我不要那么多。
e) 指令代词在作东语时可指物也可指东谈主，但作其他句子因素时只可指物，不行指东谈主，如：
That is my teacher.
那是我的敦厚。（ that作东语，指东谈主）
He is going to marry this girl.
他要和这个密斯成亲。（this作截至词）
I bought this.
我买这个。(this指物，可无可救药)
f) That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不行，同期，在作先行词时，惟有those可指东谈主，如：
He admired that which looked beautiful.
他歌唱外在漂亮的东西。
He admired those who looked beautiful.
他歌唱那些外在漂亮的东谈主。（those指东谈主）
He admired those who danced well.
他歌唱舞蹈好的东谈主。（those指东谈主）
He admired those which looked beautiful.
他歌唱那些外在漂亮的东西。（those指物）
c. it指东谈主时亦用作指令代词。指令代词it在汉语中无谓译出。 如：
Who is it?
―it's me.
是谁?
-是我。
Oh， it's you，Lao Wang.
哦，是你呀，老王。
d. such和same亦然指令代词，其单、复数的体式沟通。它们在句中可用作定语、主语、宾语、表语等因素。如：
The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来莫得看过这样清秀的城市。
We are not talking about the same thing.
咱们谈的不是一趟事。
Such were his words.
这便是他讲的话。(作东语)
The same can be said of the Other article.
另一篇著述亦然不异情况。(作东语)
Take from the drawer such as you need.
你需要什么，就从抽屉里拿吧。(无可救药)
His name and mine are the same.
他和我同名。(作表语)
（23）a. set为动词，意为“辅助（戏剧，演义等）的布景”。be set in 的风趣为“以……为布景;（戏剧、影片）的布景是”。如：
The film was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.
这部影片是以十九世纪中世加利福尼亚为布景的。
The novel is set in pre-war London.
这部演义以战前的伦敦为布景。
The novel is set in Shanghai in the 1930’s.
这部演义以二十世纪三十年代的上海为布景。
The play is set in the early days of World War Two.
这个剧是以第二次世界大战初期为布景的。
b. set about与set out齐可暗意“入辖下手作念某事”。但set about短语中因为about为介词，是以一般后接名词或动名词，不接不定式；set out后一般接不定式，不接动名词。set out/off还可暗意“启程，上路”。其后一般接介词for表目的地。如：
I don’t know how to set about this job.
我不知谈若何入辖下手这项办事。
I’ll set about preparing supper.
我去作念晚饭。
She set about the business of cleaning the house.
她脱手打扫起屋子来。
We need to set about finding a solution.
咱们得入辖下手寻找一个处置办法。
That winter we set out to write a history of the Party.
那年冬天，咱们入辖下手写一部党史。
She set out to break the world record.
她一心戮力要突破世界记载。
They succeeded in what they set out to do.
他们兑现了既定的方针。
They set out on the last stage of their journey.
他们上路踏上临了一段行程。
Then he set out/off for Paris.
然后他上路去巴黎了。
c. set out还暗意“安排，摆放，摆设”或“（有档次地）讲演、阐发”。如：
We’ll need to set out some chairs for the meeting.
咱们需要为会议摆些桌子。
Her work is always very well set out.
她老是把办事安排得很有档次。
He set out his objections to the plan.
他讲演了他对这个打算的反对意见。
She set out the reasons for her resignation in a long letter.
她写了一封长信证据我方下野的原因。
d. set的其他短语：
(24) a. in search of意为“搜寻，寻找”。此处的search为名词。in (one’s) search for 和 in search of齐意为“寻找”、“寻求”，在句中既可作状语，也可作表语。刺目两个短语介词的搭配，如果名词search前带有截至词a，the或one’s后头一般用介词for，如果search前不带截至词，后头一般用介词of。如：
The husband joined the wife in her search for the unknown element.
丈夫和他浑家沿途寻找那种未知元素。
Some birds fly south in search of winter sun.
鸟儿飞向南边去寻找冬日的暖阳。
They started at once in search of the missing child.
他们立时运转寻找这个失散的孩子。
Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease.
科学家们想考虑出调治这种疾病的时刻。
We should go in search of a cheap hotel.
咱们要去找个低廉的货仓。
b. search作念动词时意为“搜寻、搜查”。search的宾语一般是被搜查的东谈主或某一步地，而不是所要寻找的东西。search for十分于look for。search for的宾语一般为要找的东西，而不是被搜查的东谈主或步地。如：
We searched around for hours， but couldn’t find the book.
咱们各处找了半天，却找不到那本书。
The policeman searched the woods for escaped prisoners.
窥伺搜查树林寻找逃犯。
The police searched her for drugs.
窥伺搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。
I searched my memory， but couldn’t remember her name.
我想来想去也想不起她的名字。
I searched through the drawers for the missing papers.
我翻遍抽屉寻找遗失的文献。
The villagers are searching for the missing child.
村民们正在搜寻阿谁失散的孩子。
Mary searched the dictionary for the use of a word.
玛丽在辞书中寻找一个单词的用法。
They searched every room for the missing papers.
他们在每一个房间搜寻丢失的文献。
The policeman searched the thief to see what he had in his pockets.
阿谁窥伺对小偷抄身，看他口袋里有什么东西。
(25) a. panning for gold此处为动名词作念表语，意为“淘金”。pan此处为动词， 意为“用淘盘淘”。动名词作表语，暗意概括的一般性的步履。如：
Our work is serving the people．
们的办事是为东谈主民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps．
他的爱好是集邮。
Seeing is believing.
耳闻不如目见。
My hobby is growing flowers.
我的业余爱好是种花.
What I thought most was going to France.
我探究得最多的是去法国.
My favorite sport is playing table tennis.
我嗜好的指点是打乒乓球.
b. 动词-ing 体式作表语时常暗意主语所具有的特质， 称之为当今分词。当今分词十分于形容词。好像用于表语的当今分词常见的有：amusing 意思的; astonishing 令东谈主骇怪的; confusing 勾引的; discouraging 令东谈主丧气的; disappointing 令东谈主扫兴的; couraging 令东谈主饱读励的; exciting 令东谈主欢叫的; interesting 意思的; missing 不见的; moving 动东谈主的; promising 大有但愿的; shocking 令东谈主畏缩的; puzzling 窘态其妙的; surprising 令东谈主奇怪的。如:
The colour is pleasing to the eyes.
这种颜料好看。
The film is frightening.
这部电影很吓东谈主。
Traveling is interesting but tiring．
旅行是意思的，可是使东谈主疲钝。
The argument is very convincing．
他的论点很令东谈主信服。
c. 分词作念表语有两种情况，一种是当今分词作念表语，一种是畴前分词作念表语，这两者区别是考试中时常考到的方位。一般来说，暗意情怀状态的动词如excite，interest等齐是及物动词，汉语风趣不是“高亢”，“欢娱”，而是“使高亢”、“使欢娱”，因而当今分词应该是“令东谈主高亢的”、“令东谈主欢娱的”；畴前分词则是“感到高亢的”和“感到欢娱的”。是以，凡暗意“令东谈主……的”齐是-ing体式。但凡暗意“感到……”齐用-ed体式。换句话说，若东谈主对……感意思意思，便是somebody is interested in...；若东谈主/物自己有益思意思时，便是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使东谈主感到欢娱 interested感到欢娱的
exciting令东谈主高亢的 excited感到高亢的
delighting令东谈主欢娱的 delighted感到欢娱的
disappointing令东谈主失望的 disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令东谈主饱读励的 encouraged感到饱读励的
pleasing令东谈主高兴的 pleased感到高兴的
puzzling令东谈主含糊的 puzzled感到含糊的
satisfying令东谈主安闲的 satisfied感到安闲的
surprising令东谈主惊异的 surprised感到惊异的肛交 av